Upper Extremity Muscles

axial musculature

muscles that position the head and vertebral column; muscles that move the rib cage

appendicular musculature

muscles that stabilize or move the appendicular skeleton

muscles that stabilize or move the scapula

pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, subclavius, levator scapulae, rhomboid minor, rhomboid major, trapezius

anterior muscles of pectoral girdle

pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, subclavius

pectoralis minor

protracts and depresses scapula

serratus anterior

protracts, superiorly rotates and stabilizes scapula

subclavius

stabilizes and depresses scapula

posterior muscles of pectoral girdle

levator scapulae, trapezius, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor

levator scapulae

elevates scapula; inferiorly rotates scapula

trapezius

action depends on fibers (superior, middle, inferior)

rhomboid major

elevates and retracts scapula; inferiorly rotates scapula

rhomboid minor

elevates and retracts scapula, inferiorly rotates scapula

muscles that move glenohumeral joint

latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, deltoid, coracobrachialis, teres major, teres minor, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis

latissimus dorsi

prime mover; agonist of arm extension; adducts and medially rotates arm; attachments to ribs, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia and intertubercular groove of humerus

pectoralis major

prime move; agonist of arm flexion; adducts and medially rotates arm; attachment to medial clavicle, sternum, costal cartilage of ribs and lateral part of intertubercular groove of humerus

rotator cuff muscles (SITS)

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

supraspinatus

abducts arm

infraspinatus

adducts and laterally rotates arm

teres minor

adducts and laterally rotates arm

subscapularis

medially rotates arm

anterior compartment of arm and forearm muscles that move the elbow and forearm

elbow flexors; biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis

biceps brachii

flexes and supinates forearm; long head flexes arm

brachialis

flexes forearm

brachioradialis

flexes forearm

posterior compartment of arm and forearm muscles that move the elbow and forearm

elbow extensors; triceps brachii, anconeus

triceps brachii

agonist; extends the forearm, long head also extends and adducts arm

anconeus

synergist; extends forearm

muscles of anterior forearm that pronate the forearm

pronator teres, pronator quadratus

pronator teres

pronates the forearm

pronator quadratus

pronates the forearm

muscles of posterior forearm that supinate forearm

supinator

supinator

supinates the forearm

extrinsic muscles

most muscles in forearm move hand and fingers

anterior superficial layer of forearm muscles that move the wrist, hand, and fingers

pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris

flexor carpi radialis

flexes wrist and abducts hand

palmaris longus

flexes wrist

flexor carpi ulnaris

flexes wrist and adducts hand

anterior intermediate layer of forearm muscles that move the wrist, hand, and fingers

flexor digitorum superficialis

flexor digitorum superficialis

flexes wrist, 2nd-5th metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints, and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints

anterior deep layer of forearm muscles that move wrist, hand and fingers

flexor pollicis, flexor digitorum profundus, pronator quadratus

flexor pollicis

flexes MP joint and interphalangeal (IP) joint of thumb, weakly flexes wrist

flexor digitorum profundus

flexes wrist, 2nd-5th MP joints, PIP joints, and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints

pronator quadratus

pronates forearm

posterior superficial layer of forearm muscles that move wrist, hand, and fingers

extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris

extensor carpi radialis longus

extends wrist, abducts hand

extensor carpi radialis brevis

extends wrist, abducts hand

extensor digitorum

extends wrist, extends 2nd-5th MP, PIP, and DIP joints

extensor digiti minimi

extends wrist, MP and PIP joints of finger 5

extensor carpi ulnaris

extends wrist, adducts hand

posterior deep layer of forearm muscles that move the wrist, hand, and fingers

abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor indicis, supinator

abductor pollicis longus

abducts thumb

extensor pollicis brevis

extends MP joint of thumb

extensor pollicis longus

extends MP and IP joints of thumb

extensor indicis

extends MP, PIP, and DIP joints of finger 2

supinator

supinates forearm

intrinsic muscles of the hands groups

thenar, midpalmar, hypothenar

thenar group

involve movement of thumb; flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis

flexor pollicis brevis

flexes thumb

abductor pollicis brevis

abducts thumb

opponens pollicis

opposition of thumb

midpalmar group

motion of all fingers and the thumb; adductor pollicis

adductor pollicis

adducts thumb

hypothenar group

involve movement of finger 5; flexor digiti minimi brevis, abductor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi

flexor digiti minimi brevis

flexes finger 5

abductor digiti minimi

abducts finger 5

opponens digiti minimi

opposition of finger 5