Nationalism

how does Anderson conceive of nations

imagined communities

does nations being ‘imagined’ make them fictitious (ANDERSON)

no

what are these nations in terms of community (ANDERSON)

community in anonymity

what does Anderson think left a gap for the rise of the nation

the dusk of religion

what technological development was essential to the rise of the nation, making people see themselves as part of the same community despite never meeting, creating unified fields of communicatin through fixed linguistics (ANDERSON)

print capitalism

what is the nation imagined as (ANDERSON)

inherently limited and sovereigngn

what 3 fundamental conceptions fell that caused the rise of nationalism (ANDERSON)

script language, divine centres of society, cosmology and history as the same

where did Anderson think nationalism initially emerged

creole communities in south america

what led to the development of nationalism in the creole communities (ANDERSON)

pilgramige to administrative centres

what does Anderson argue postcolonial nationalisms were based on

imperial territories, education from empire, organisation

is Andersons argument for postcolonial nationalism convincing

no

3 strong elements of Anderson’s argument

imagined, historical emergencem challenge primordialism

3 weaknesses/general issues with Anderson’s argument for nationalism

postcolonial approach, can it fit with technological advances, feminist objections

who argued that “the spread of global media and cultural forms has enabled the rise of non-territorial identities”

flew

wh argued that there had been “a weakening of the traditional ties between cultural experiences and geographical territories”

tomilson

who wrote ‘Nations and Nationalism’

ernest gellner

how did gellner define the nation

invented where it did not exist

what could you argue that Gellner’s definition suggests does exist - could be a challenge to Gellner

real communities

what did Gellner believe led to the rise of nationalism

industrialisation and the need for homogeneity, high culture and communication

who argues for understanding postcolonial nationalism as a struggle for freedom

partha chatterjee

how does chatterjee see anderson and gellner’s interpretation of nationalism

modular, european export

what does chatterjee argue liberal-rationalist interpretations distinguish western and eastern nationalism as

good vs bad

nationalism in postcolonial/colonized countries sought to demonstrate the failsity of the colonial claim that … (CHATTERJEE)

colonized people were incapable of ruling themselves

whose arguments does Chatterjee argue are fundamentally the same

anderson and gellner

who talks about nationalism and gender

anne mcclintock

what does mcclintock argue nationalism relies on

powerful constructions of gender

limits between _________ symbolically define the limits of difference and power between nations (MCCLINTOCK)

women and men

how are women subsumed into the nation (MCCLINTOCK)

as its boundary and metaphoric limit

what perspective does McClintock argue male authors of nationalism rest on

male perspectives of the nation (e.g. george santayana - our nationalism is like our relationship to women)

what 5 ways are women subsumed into the nation (MCCLINTOCK)

biological reproducers, boundaries of nations, transmitters of culture, signifiers of difference, participants in struggles

what way of thinking about nationalism is presented through women (MCCLINTOCK)

primordialism

who challenges the use of the term ‘group’

brubaker

way of describing our approach to the idea of the ‘group’, whereby we see them as essentializing and naturalizing (BRUBAKER)

folk sociological

what two units does Brubaker distinguish, arguing the second cna become invested with the first

groups and categories

rather than being ‘ethnic conflicts’, what does Brubaker argue these conflicts are

ethnicized

how does Brubaker argue we should treat categories of race, ethnicity and nationalism - not denying their power but thinking of them in a different way, ways of perceiving interpreting and representing the world (BRUBAKER)

categories of practice

who applies Anderson’s concept of the imagined community to the global world, and with what term

Appadurai, imagined worlds

does Appadurai think, as a result of our interconnectedness, we have become a global village

no

what does media create in its globalised form (APPADURAI)

communities with no sense of place

what is there a tension between in the process of globalisation (APPADURAI)

global homogenization and cultural heterogenization

what 5 dimensions of global cultural flow does Appadurai argue are the building blocks of imagined worlds (APPADURAI)

ethnoscapes, technoscapes, finanscapes, mediascapes, ideoscapes

what is one of the central forces in the global modern world, with flows of people, money and finance (APPADURAI)

deterritorialization

how does Appadurai describe global culture today

overlapping and isomorphic

who gives intersectional analyses of religion, cosmopolitanism and the ethics of care

Yuval-Davis

what is often an opposition to globalisation, also deeply intertwined with national belonging and limits of borders (YUVAL-DAVIS)

religious zealosness

does Yuval-Davis see nationalism as the alternative to religion (part of Anderson’s argument!!!) and why

no, nations often rely on religion to legitimate themselves

what does Yuval-Davis address as a feminist project of belonging

ethics of care

whose ethics of care concern a care for their nation, whereas feminist politics of care transcend these boundaries (YUVAL-DAVIS)

masculine

who write banal nationalism

michael billig

does nationalism being banal mean its benign (BILLIG)

no

who do we often associate nationalism with, which Billig challenges

extremists of far-right

what is there constantly, reminding us of our nationalism and nationhood in everyday life (BILLIG)

flagging

what is one of the ways national identities are treated as constrcuted, which are themselves constructed but treated as primordial - need to even challenge this distinction (BILLIG)

language

why is nationalism so hard to study (BILLIG)

it has deeply affected contemporary western ways of thinking

what does Billig call the failure of both people and sociologists to recognise our own nationalism

double neglect

how does Billig describe nationalism seen as far-right, not identified with our own

hot nationalism

word for flagged nationalism that isn’t conscious e.g. just seeing American flags on the side of buildings (BILLIG)

unwaved

is internationalism opposed to nationalism, for Billing, and why (BILLIG)

no, nation is both universal and particular

is the way we assert our national identities actually unique (BILLIG)

no

what sort of rhetoric do nations now use when going to war, especially America (BILLIG)

international morality

how else does banal nationalism operate, e.g. usimng words like ‘we’, ‘here’, ‘us’ by figures like politicians

dexis and flagging

what does Billig explore as a source of masculine nationalism

sports pages of newspaper

does Billig think globalism and postmodernity is directly challenging nationalism

no