roman numeral analysis (triads and 7ths) and cadences

Major Triads

uppercase: 1,4,5

(dim 7)

harmonic triad *accidentals

uppercase: 3+, 5, 6

( dim 2, dim 7)

natural triad *no accidentals

uppercase: 3, 5, 6, 7

(dim 2)

Tonic (T)

I/i, vi/VI

Predominant (PD)

ii/ii dim, iv/IV

Dominant (D)

v/V, vii dim

1st inv. (triad)

6

2nd inv. (triad)

6/4

Major 7th chords

uppercase: 1, 4, dominant 5 (half dim 7)

Natural minor 7th chords

uppercase: 3, 6, dominant 7 (half-dim 2)

Harmonic minor 7th chords (raise the seventh)

uppercase: dominant 5, 6 (half-dim 2, fully dim 7)

7th root

7

7th 1st inv

6/5

7th 2nd inv

4/3

7th 3rd inv

4/2

perfect authentic cadence (PAC)

• no inversions

• 5 to 1

• top line ends on tonic

imperfect authentic cadence (IAC)

• can have inversions

• 5 to 1

• dim 7 to 1

half cadence (HC)

• can be inversions

• any chord to 5

deceptive cadence (DC)

5 to 6 or 7

plagal cadence (PC)

4 to 1