hsitory nb 1-2

This was a German professor of theology, priest, author, composer, Augustinian monk, and a seminal figure whose refusal to renounce all of his writings at the demand of Pope Leo X in 1520 and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms in 1521 resulted in his excommunication by the pope.

Martin Luther

This was the council of the Catholic Church held between 1545 and 1563 which issued condemnations of what it defined to be heresies committed by proponents of Protestantism

Council of Trent

This is a form of Christianity that originated with the 16th-century Reformation, a movement against what its followers perceived to be errors in the Catholic Church.

Protestantism

These were a series of wars waged from 1520-1648 that disrupted the religious and political order in Europe.

Wars of Religion

This is a list of propositions for an academic disputation written in 1517 by Martin Luther.

95 Theses

This is the historical term for the reinvigoration of Catholic fervor for individual spiritual experience, as well as an official denouncement of Protestantism.

Counter-Reformation

This was a corrupt practice of the Medieval Catholic Church in which prestigious Church positions were sold.

Simony

This was a corrupt practice of the Medieval Catholic Church in which prestigious Church positions were given to family members.

Nepotism

This was a corrupt practice of the Medieval Catholic Church in which time and suffering in Purgatory was allegedly reduced by the selling of papal notes.

Indulgences

What two themes dominated European education in the Middle Ages?

Profession, theology

Provide the three ways classical texts returned to Europe during the 14^th and 15^th century.

Crusades, Mongols, Arabs

What term is used to describe education that emphasizes the studying of the humanities?

Humanism

What are two examples of humanities subjects that were not studied in the Middle Ages?

Art, literature

Who was one of the earliest Renaissance thinkers to take inspiration from Ancient Greek and Roman texts to write in a new style?

Petrarch

This was an influential figure who confirmed the theories of Copernicus through observation on a refined telescope.

Galileo Galilei

This was an influential figure who helped develop scientific thought by emphasizing the importance of empirical evidence and the induction of general scientific laws from testable observations.

Francis Bacon

This is the astronomical model in which the Sun, moon, and stars revolve around the Earth. 

Geocentric Model

This figure is often credited with beginning the Scientific Revolution in 1543 with the publication of his theories about the solar system.

Nicolaus Copernicus

This is a method which involves careful observation, applying rigorous skepticism about what is observed and formulating a hypothesis via induction; and refinement (or elimination) based on the experimental findings.

Scientific method

This is a theory that states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience. It emphasizes the role of observable, or otherwise experiential, evidence in the formation of ideas, rather than innate ideas or traditions.

empiricism