Chapter 3 Vocabulary and Important Information Unit One AP Government

Unitary system

maximum power central government has absolute control over the state governments, most governments

Confederal system

substantial government has more power than the national government creating dependencies.

Federal System

power is divided between states and government where it each level has checks and balances on each other to ensure no power override

Enumerated/Expressed powers

powers explicitly granted to the national government

Exclusive powers

power ONLY the national government can do

Implied powers

powers not explicitly stated but can be made in order to carry out enumerated powers

Commerce Clause

grants Congress the power to regulate interstate business and commercial activities

Necessary and Proper clause

gives Congress the power to carry out its powers

Supremacy Clause

the constitution and federal laws passed are law of the land

Tenth Amendment

gives the power to the states and the people not just the national government = limited government power

Concurrent Powers

powers BOTH given to the national government and state government

Full Faith and Credit Clause

requires states to understand acts, records, cases from another state

Extradition

requirement that states have to return the defendant where the crime was taken placed

Privileges and Immunities Clause

states can’t discriminate against people from out of state (EX

13th Amendment

outlawed slavery

14th Amendment

bans states for citizens to not have equal processes or protection under the due process clause

15th Amendment

gave African Americans the right to vote

Dual Federalism

states and national government operate separately on public policy

Selective Incorporation

process by where the Supreme Court applies the Bill of Rights on the states to cases

cooperative federalism

both states and national government work together to make public policy, states implement federal policies aligning towards laws

Grants in Aid

federal money given to states to carry public policy objectives

Fiscal Federalism

use of grant in aids to influence policies in states

Categorical Grants

grants in aid for specific state programs

Unfunded Mandates

federal requirements that have to be followed by states even without funding

Block grants

a type of grant aid that gives states more control over where federal funds go.

Revenue Funding

federal governments gives allowance type of tax money to the states without any restrictions

Devolution

returning power to the states/local governments

Compassionate Use Acct of 1976

allowed use of medical marijuana under medical approval in California

Controlled Substance Act of 1970

Congress has the power to regulate interstate commerce

Crucial Question:

Where is the boundary between the state government and national government?

McColluch vs Maryland Issue?

The creation of the second national bank with many branches in states left people questioning if this was legal or an overreach of power. Maryland passed laws to tax the 2nd national banks and the bank officials refused, leading it to the supreme court.

McColluch vs Maryland Question?

Did Congress have the power to pass the 2nd national bank and were states allowed to tax it? Congress had the power to do so and states did not have the right to tax it.

What was the reasoning for the McColluch vs Maryland of the Supreme Court?

It was one of Congress’ implied powers under the necessary and proper clause  as this allowed them to do so in order to carry out its enumerated powers  reaffirming national power.

Gibbons vs Ogden Main Issue:

Ogden had a monopoly on steamboats illegally and Gibbons sued him, winning because they used the commerce clause reaffirming national power.

What is Plessy v Ferguson about?

There would be separate things for white men and african american men, “seperate but equal”

What did the great Depression do federal power?

It expanded the power of the national government and Congress through making policies as there was a dependency on the national government due to the lack of the multiplier being passed around.

US v Lopez 1995 Main Issue:

Congress passes the gun free school act to reduce gun violence by prohibiting people from having it 100ft in front of school grounds. Lopez was convicted but appealed as he believed that Congress did not have the right to pass it.

Question in US v Lopez 1995?

Did Congress have the power to pass the GFSZA?

What did the GFSZA violate?

Violated the necessary and proper clause & commerce clause

Dissenting Opinion of the GFSZA?

The opposing side argued that transportation of guns was a type of commerce and Congress has the power to regulate trade.

Result of US v Lopez

Protected the states’ power and rights!

US VS Windsor Decision

Supreme Court shut down Section 3 of DOMA which ruled marriage between a man and a woman was unconstitutional as this denied equal federal recognition of both approved same sex marriages and not forcing for the government to treat all marriages equally.

What was Gonzales v Raich about and what was the decision?

The legalization of medical Marijuana and the decision was to ban the usage of medical marijuana under the Controlled Substance Act in California

What was the reason for the decision in Gonzales v Raich?

Banned because the court found that the CSA was constitutional under the commerce clause and the supremacy clause overruled the state law. They didn’t want medical marijuana to be used around casually and since it was under the commerce clause Congress banned it