PIPE | Thermodynamics

temperature

Enthalpy of an ideal gas is a function only of

A. enthalpy

B. entropy

C. pressure

D. temperature

Carnot

Which of the following is the most efficient thermodynamic cycle?

A. Brayton

B. Otto

C. Carnot

D. Diesel

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

A. internal energy is due to molecular motions

B. entropy of the universe is increased by irreversible processes

C. energy can neither be created nor destroyed

D. heat energy cannot be completely transformed into work

zero

An ideal gas is compressed isothermally. What is the enthalpy change?

A. always negative

B. always positive

C. zero

D. undefined

adiabatic

Name the process that has no heat transfer

A. isothermal

B. isobaric

C. polytropic

D. adiabatic

increases

An ideal gas is compressed in a cylinder so well insulated that there is essentially no heat transfer. The temperature of the gas

A. decreases

B. increases

C. remain constant

D. is zero

pascal

What is the SI unit of pressure

ideal gas

The equation C_p = C_v + R applies to which of the following

A. enthalpy

B. ideal gas

C. two phase states

D. all pure substances

shaft work

In the flow process, neglecting kinetic and potential energies, the integral of Vdp represents what?

A. heat transfer

B. flow energy

C. enthalpy change

D. shaft work

enthalpy

Mechanical energy of pressure transformed into energy of heat

A. kinetic energy

B. enthalpy

C. heat exchanger

D. heat of compression

thermodynamics

The theory of changing heat into mechanical work

A. thermodynamics

B. kinematics

C. inertia

D. kinetics

mean effective pressure

Average pressure on a surface when a changing pressure condition exist.

A. back pressure

B. partial pressure

C. pressure drop

D. mean effective pressure

stirling cycle

Which of the following cycles consists of two isothermal and two constant volume processes?

A. diesel cycle

B. ericsson cycle

C. stirling cycle

D. otto cycle

a fixed region in space

A control volume refers to what?

A. a fixed region in space

B. a reversible process

C. an isolated system

A. a specified mass

isometric

In the polytropic process, PVⁿ= constant, if the value of n is infinitely large, the process is

A. isobaric

B. isometric

C. isothermal

D. polytropic

compressed liquid

If the temperature is held constant and the pressure is increased beyond the saturation pressure, then the working medium must be:

A. compressed liquid

B. subcooled liquid

C. saturated vapor

D. saturated liquid

subcooled liquid

Is one whose temperature is below the saturation temperature corresponding to its pressure

A. superheated vapor

B. wet vapor

C. subcooled liquid

D. saturated liquid

Avogadro’s number

Number of molecules in a mole of any substance is a constant called

A. Rankine constant

B. Avogadro’s number

C. Otto constant

D. Thompson constant

Charles’ Law

If the pressure of a gas is constant the volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.

A. Boyle’s law

B. Joule’s law

C. Charles’ Law

D. Kelvin’s Law

atomic number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of the number of electrons in the orbit of an atom

A. atomic volume

B. atomic number

C. atomic weight

D. atomic mass

fusion curve

In a P-T diagram of a pure substance, the curve separating the solid phase from the liquid phase is:

A. vaporization curve

B. fusion curve

C. boiling point

D. sublimation point

10

A water temperature of 18°F in the water cooled condenser is equivalent in °C to

A. 7.78

B. 10

C. 263.56

D. -9.44

22.6 × 10⁵

The latent heat of vaporization in Joules per kg is equal to

A. 5.4 × 10²

B. 4.13 × 10³

C. 22.6 × 10⁵

D. 3.35 × 10⁵

heat

Form of energy associated with the kinetic energy of the random motion of large number of molecules

A. internal energy

B. kinetic energy

C. heat of fusion

D. heat

critical point

In the condition of pressure and temperature at which a liquid and its vapor are indistinguishable

A. critical point

B. dew point

C. absolute humidity

D. relative humidity

compressed liquid

If the temperature is held constant and the pressure is increased beyond the saturation pressure, then, the working medium must be:

A. saturated vapor

B. compressed liquid

C. saturated liquid

D. subcooled liquid

vapor

When a substance in gaseous state is below the critical temperature, it is called

A. vapor

B. cloud

C. moisture

D. steam

approximately as a gas

Superheated vapor behaves

A. just as gas

B. just as steam

C. just as ordinary vapor

D. approximately as a gas

zeroth law of thermodynamics

Which of the following provides the basis for measuring thermodynamics property of temperature

A. zeroth law of thermodynamics

B. first law of thermodynamics

C. second law of thermodynamics

D. third law of thermodynamics

ethylene glycol

Which of the following is commonly used as liquid absorbent

A. silica gel

B. activated alumina

C. ethylene glycol

D. none of these

air cooler

Mechanism designed to lower the temperature of air passing through it

A. air cooler

B. air defense

C. air spill over

D. air cycle

anemometer

A device for measuring the velocity of wind

A. aneroid barometer

B. anemometer

C. anemoscope

D. anemograph

second law of thermodynamics

Heat nromally flowing from a high temperature body to a low temperature body wherein it is impossible to convert heat without other effects

A. zeroth law of thermodynamics

B. first law of thermodynamics

C. second law of thermodynamics

D. third law of thermodynamics

boiling point

The temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to the pressure exerted on the liquid

A. absolute humidity

B. calorimetry

C. boiling point

D. thermal point

increase velocity and decrease pressure

A nozzle is used to

A. increase velocity and decrease pressure

B. decrease velocity as well as pressure

C. increase velocity as well as pressure

D. decrease velocity and increase pressure

internal energy

The sum of the energies of all the molecules in a system where energies appear in several complex form

A. kinetic energy

B. potential energy

C. internal energy

D. frictional energy

flow energy, kinetic energy, height above datum, and internal energy

The total energy in a compressible or incompressible fluid flowing across any section in a pipeline is a function of

A. pressure and velocity

B. pressure, density, and velocity

C. pressure, density, velocity, and viscosity

D. flow energy, kinetic energy, height above datum, and internal energy

specific gravity

The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of some standard substance

A. relative density

B. specific gravity

C. specific density

D. relative gravity

compressed liquid

Is one whose pressure is higher than the saturation pressure corresponding to its temperature

A. compressed liquid

B. saturated liquid

C. saturated vapor

D. superheated vapor

sublimation

The changing of solid directly to vapor without passing through the liquid state is called

A. evaporation

B. vaporization

C. sublimation

D. condensation

weight density

Weight per unit volume is termed as

A. specific gravity

B. density

C. weight density

D. specific volume

newton

What is the SI unit of force?

A. pound

B. newton

C. kilogram

D. dyne

discharge

The volume of fluid passing a cross-section of steam in unit time

A. steady flow

B. uniform flow

C. discharge

D. continuous flow

B. Q + Vdp = H2 - H1

What equation applies in the first law of thermodynamics for an ideal gas in a reversible open steady-state system?

A pressure of 1 milibar is equivalent to

quasi-static process

When a system deviates infinitesimally from equilibrium at every instant of its state, it is undergoing:

A. isobaric process

B. quasi-static process

C. isometric process

D. cyclic process

centripetal force

What is the force which tends to draw a body towards the center about which it is rotating?

A. centrifugal force

B. centrifugal motion

C. centrifugal advance

D. centripetal force

adiabatic

What is the process that has no heat transfer?

A. reversible isometric

B. isothermal

C. polytropic

D. adiabatic

turbojet

Which of the engine is used for fighter bombers?

A. turbojet

B. pulsejet

C. rockets

D. ramjet

kinetic energy

Exhaust gases from an engine posses:

A. solar energy

B. kinetic energy

C. chemical energy

D. stored energy

zero

At critical point the latent enthalpy of vaporization is

A. temperature dependent

B. zero

C, minimum

D. maximum

centripetal force

What is the force which tends to draw a body towards the center about which it is rotating?

A. centrifugal force

B. centrifugal in motion

C. centrifugal advance

D. centripetal force

quasi-static process

When a system deviates infinitesimally from equilibrium at every instant of its state, it is undergoing

A. isobaric process

B. quasi-static process

C. isometric process

D. cyclic process

1000 dynes/cm²

A pressure of 1 millibar is equivalent to

A. 1000 dynes/cm²

B. 1000 cm of Hg

C. 1000 psi

D. 1000 kg/cm²

potential at a point

Work done per unit charge when charged is moved from one point to another

A. equipotential surface

B. potential at a point

C. electrostatic point

D. potential difference

2

How many independent properties are required to completely fix the equilibrium state of a pure gaseous compound?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

h = u pV

Which of the following relations defines enthalpy?

A. h = u + p/T

B. h = u pV

C. h = u + p/V

D. h = pV + T

internal energy is negative

Which of the following is true for water at a reference temperature where enthalpy is zero?

A. internal energy is negative

B. entropy is non-zero

C. specific volume is zero

D. vapor pressure is zero

h-s

On what plane is the Mollier diagram plotted?

A. p-V

B. p-T

C. h-s

D. h-u

z = PV/RT

The compressibility factor z, is used for predicting the behavior of non-ideal gases. How is the compressibility factor defined relative to an ideal gas? (subscript c refers to critical value)

A. z = P/P_c

B. z = PV/RT

C. z = T/T_c

D. z = (T/T_c)(/P_c/P)

the fraction of the total mass that is saturated vapor

How is the quality x of a liquid-vapor mixture defined?

A. the fraction of the total volume that is saturated vapor

B. the fraction of the total volume that is saturated liquid

C. the fraction of the total mass that is saturated vapor

D. the fraction of the total mass that is saturation liquid

h_g - h_f

What is the expression for heat of vaporization?

A. h_g

B. h_f

C. h_g - h_f

D. h_f - h_g

zero

What is the value of the work done for a closed, reversible, isometric system?

A. zero

B. positive

C. negative

D. indeterminate

W = MRT ln(V₂/V₁)

What is the equation for the work done by a constant temperature system?

n = 0

What is true about the polytropic exponent n for a perfect gas undergoing an isobaric process?

A. n > 0

B. n < 0

C. n = ∞

D. n = 0

D. Both: heat transfer = 0, Isentropic = reversible

How does an adiabatic process compare to an isentropic process?

A. Adiabatic: heat transfer = 0, Isentropic: heat transfer = 0

B. Adiabatic: heat transfer = 0, Isentropic: heat transfer = 0

C. Adiabatic: reversible, Isentropic: not reversible

D. Both: heat transfer = 0, Isentropic = reversible

always zero

During an adiabatic, internally reversible process, what is true about the change in entropy?

A. always zero

B. always less than zero

C. always greater than zero

D. temperature-dependent

C. ds > 0

For an irreversible process, what is true about the change in entropy of the system and surroundings?

A. ds = dq/dt

B. ds = 0

C. ds > 0

D. ds < 0

reversible

For which type of process does the equation dQ = Tds hold?

A. irreversible

B. reversible

C. isobaric

D. isothermal

ΔS (surrounding) + ΔS (system) >= 0

Which of the following is true for any process?

A. ΔS (surrounding) + ΔS (system) > 0

B. ΔS (surrounding) + ΔS (system) < 0

C. ΔS (surrounding) + ΔS (system) <= 0

D. ΔS (surrounding) + ΔS (system) >= 0

two isothermal two isentropic

The ideal reversible Carnot cycle involves four basic processes. What type of processes are they?

A. all isothermal

B. all adiabatic

C. all isentropic

D. two isothermal two isentropic

W/ΔS

What is the temperature difference of the cycle if the entropy difference is ΔS, and teh work done is W?

A. W - ΔS

B. W/ΔS

C. ΔS/W

D. ΔS - W

increased boiler life

Which of the following is not an advantage of a superheated closed Rankine cycle over an open Rankine cycle?

A. lower equipment cost

B. increased efficiency

C. increased turbine life

D. increased boiler life

In practical terms, the susceptibility of the engine materials to corrosion is not a key limitation on the operating efficiency

Which of the following statements regarding Rankine cycle is not true?

A. Use of a condensable vapor in the cycle increases the efficiency of the cycle

A. The temperature at which energy is transferred to and from the working liquid are less separated than in a Carnot cycle

C. Superheating increases the efficiency of a Rankine cycle

D. In practical terms, the susceptibility of the engine materials to corrosion is not a key limitation on the operating efficiency

0°C and 1 atm pressure

Which of the following is standard temperature and pressure (STP)

A. 0K and 1 atm pressure

B. 0F and zero pressure

C. 32F and zero pressure

D. 0°C and 1 atm pressure

loses electrons

A substance is oxidized when which of the following occurs?

A. turns red

B. loses electrons

C. gives off heat

D. absorbs energy

kg/m-s

Which of the following is not a unit of pressure?

A. Pa

B. kg/m-s

C. bars

D. kg/m²

the principle conservation of energy

Which of the following is the basis for Bernoulli’s law for fluid flow?

A. the principle conservation of mass

B. the principle conservation of energy

C. continuity equation

D. fourier’s law

Newton meter

Which of the following is the definition of Joule?

A. Newton meter

B. kg-m/s²

C. unit of power

D. rate of change of energy

a mathematical expression defining a path between states

Equation of state for a single component can be any of the following except:

A. ideal gas law

B. any relationship interrelating 3 or more state functions

C. relationship mathematically interrelating thermodynamic properties of the material

D. a mathematical expression defining a path between states

properties

The state of a thermodynamic system is always defined by its:

A. absolute temperature

B. process

C. properties

D. temperature and pressure

increase only

In any non-quasi-static thermodynamic process, the overall entropy of an isolated system will

A. increase and then decrease

B. decrease and then increase

C, increase only

D. decrease only

randomness or disorder

Entropy is the measure of

A. the internal energy of a gas

B. the heat capacity of a substance

C. randomness or disorder

D. the change of enthalpy of a system

Entropy of a crystal at 0°F is zero

Which of the following statements about entropy is false?

A. Entropy of a mixture is greater than that of its components under the same condition

B. An irreversible process increases entropy of the universe

C. Net entropy change in any closed cycle is zero

D. Entropy of a crystal at 0°F is zero

force and time

Work or energy can be a function of all of the following except:

A. force and distance

B. power and time

C. force and time

D. temperature and entropy

dQ/T

Energy changes are represented by all except which one of the following:

A. mC_pdt

B. -∫VdP

C. Tds - Pdv

D. dQ/T

enthalpy

U+ pV is a quantity called:

A shaft work

B. entropy

C. enthalpy

D. internal energy

shaft work

In flow process, neglecting KE and PE changes, ∫vdP represents which item below?

A. Heat transfer

B. Shaft work

C. Enthalpy change

D. Closed system work

Btu/hr

Power may be expressed in units of

A. ft-lb

B. Kw - hr

C.Btu

D. Btu/hr

In a steady state flow process

Equilibrium condition exist in all except which of the following?

A. In reversible processes

B. In processes infinitesimals where driving forces are infinitesimals

C. In a steady state flow process

D. Where nothing can occur without an effect on the system's surrounding

In a closed system (with a moving boundary) which of the following represents work done during an isothermal process?

Fluid

A substance that exists, or is regarded as existing, as a continuum characterized by a low resistance to flow and the tendency to assume the shape of its container.

A. Fluid

B. Atom

C. Molecule

D. Vapor

pure substance

A substance that is homogeneous in composition and homogenous and invariable in chemical aggregation

A. Pure substance

8. Simple substance

C. Vapor

D. Water

simple substance

A substance whose state is defined by variable intensive thermodynamic properties

A. Pure substance

B. Simple substance

C. Vapor

D. Water

closed system

A system in which there is no exchange of matter with the surrounding or mass does not cross its boundaries

A. Open system

B. Closed system

C. Isolated system

D. Nonflow system

isolated system

A system that is completely impervious to its surrounding or neither mass nor energy cross its boundaries

A. Open system

B. Closed system

C. Isolated system

D. Nonflow system

open system

A system in which there is a flow of mass across its boundaries.

A. Open system

B. Closed system

C. Isolated system

D. Steady flow system

extensive properties

The properties that are dependent upon the mass of the system and are total values such as total volume and total internal energy.

A. Intensive properties

B. Extensive properties

C. Specific properties

D. State properties

intensive properties

The properties that are independent of the mass the system such as temperature, pressure, density, and voltage.

A. Intensive properties

B. Extensive properties

C. Specific properties

D. State properties

specific properties

The properties for a unit mass and are intensive by definition such as specific volume.

A. Intensive properties

B. Extensive properties

C. Specific properties

D. Thermodynamic properties