Clinical Chemistry Exam Final

can release cellular materials into serum or plasma.

When centrifuging samples, improper centrifugation speed

Triglycerides

Which of the following is most insoluble in water?

Alcohol

Which chemical group does the compound CH₃CH₂OH belong to?

1350 mg/dL

Blood glucose is present at above the linearity of the assay for a diabetic in ketoacidosis. The sample is diluted with one part sample and 2 parts diluent. The diluted result is 450 mg/dL. What is the correct glucose concentration?

Arterial blood gases: immunology

Which of the following laboratory tests is incorrectly paired with the section where the work is normally done?

Testing a sample on the day of receipt

Which of the following is NOT a violation of proficiency testing principles?

0.45 g/100mL

A solution contains 45 g/100 mL of glucose. It is diluted 1/10 and rediluted 1/10. What is the concentration of the final solution?

Particles with a diameter of 2.2 microns.

A 0.22-micron filter will remove:

25 µL

A 1 to 4 dilution must be prepared to make a total volume of 100.0 µL. How much serum must be used?

0.2265 kilograms

A 24-hours stool specimen weights 0.50 pounds. What is the weight in kilograms?

> 10 MΩcm.

According to CLSI, the resistivity of clinical laboratory reagent water (CLRW) must be:

Drain by gravity.

A to deliver or TD pipets are designed to:

volumetric flask

Board Review Question: A technician is asked by his supervisor to prepare a standard solution from the stock standard. What is the glassware of choice of this solution?

10

Board Review Question: A serum glucose sample was too high to read, so a 1/5 dilution using saline (dilution A) was made. Dilution a was tested and was again too high to read. A further 1/2 dilution was made using saline (dilution B). To calculate the result, the dilution B value must be multiplied by

4%

Board Review Question: A solution contains 20 g of solute dissolved in 0.5 L of water. What is the percentage of this solution?

make a specimen blank

Board Review Question: When performing a manual protein analysis on a xantochromic spinal fluid the technician should 

1/5

Board Review Question: 4 mL of water is added to 1 mL of serum. This represents which of the following dilutions?

0.5

Board Review Question: What is the molarity of a solution that contains 18.7 g of KCl (MW=74.5) in 500 mL of water?

Hematology

Which section of the clinical laboratory is responsible for the study of cells?

Has a bachelor’s degree and can perform routine and complex tests

Which of the following best describes the required education and duties of a clinical laboratory scientist (CLS)?

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

Which federal organization governs the operation of clinical laboratories?

10.0 mg/dL

A patient's creatinine is outside the linear range of the analyzer; 10 µL of serum is added to 90.0 µL of diluent and the diluted sample is reanalyzed. The creatinine value of the diluted sample is 1.0 mg/dL. Which of the following creatinine values is correct?

2.0 x 10^-10 grams

Convert 200 picograms to grams.

104 °F

Convert 40°C to °F.

3.9°C

If a thermometer reads 39°F, what is the equivalent degree Celsius?

2

Board Review Question: How many milliliters of 30% bovine albumin are needed to make 6 mL of a 10% albumin solution

grams of solute/volume of solvent x 100

Board Review Question: Which of the following is the formula for calculating a percent (w/v) solution?

Add 10 μL into 10 mL, then 10 uL into 1 mL.

Which is the best approach to make a 1:100,000 dilution of a sample?

In which water is forced through a semipermeable membrane that acts as a molecular filter.

Reverse osmosis (RO) is described as a process:

number of moles of solute/ L of solution

Board Review Question: Which of the following is the formula for calculating the molarity of a solution?

V1xC1 = V2xC2

Board Review Question: Which of the following is the formula for calculating the dilution of a solution? (V = volume, C= concentration)

Linear

From Beer’s law, what is the relationship between absorbance (A) and pathlength (L)?

angle head

Which type of centrifuge is this?

cytosine, adenine, guanine

Select the bases that are present both in DNA and RNA

20

If 10 mL of sample is added to 190 mL of diluent, what is the dilution factor?

a solute containing one mole of solute per kg of solvent

Board Review Question: A one molal solution is equivalent to:

glucose

Board Review Question: Which of the following serum constituents is unstable if a blood specimen is left standing at room temperature for 8 hours before processing?

Organic compounds from water.

Activated carbon filters remove:

20

Board Review Question: A 600 mg/dL glucose solution is diluted 1/30. The concentration of the final solution in mg/dL is:

750 mg/L

Convert 75 mg/dL to mg/L.

9.0

How many grams of sodium chloride are needed to prepare 1L of 0.9% normal saline?

200 mL

Board Review Question: How many milliliters of a 3% solution can be made if 6 g of solute are available?

multiplied by 4

In performing a spinal fluid protein determination, the specimen is diluted 1 part spinal fluid to 3 parts saline to obtain a result low enough to measure. To calculate the protein concentration the result must be:

Red: 2, Blue: 3, Yellow: 0, White: blank

Acetonitrile is a stable organic solvent that has a flash point under 100°F and is often used in liquid chromatography. Which of the following hazardous labeling is most appropriate?

Class C

A technologist notices an odor coming from the computer room. Smoke is coming out of the room. Which class of fire is most likely?

rescue, alarm, contain, evacuate.

Regarding a fire, the acronym RACE means

Hepatitis B

Which vaccine is required for clinical lab personnel, according to OHSA?

1:10

What is the appropriate dilution of bleach that should be used to disinfect laboratory countertops?

Biosafety level 4

A patient is returning from West Africa with flu-like symptoms. He has been exposed to bats. His specimens should be examined under which biosafety level?

Eye wash station

Which of the following is not considered as personal protective equipment (PPE)?

Biosafety level 2

A patient is admitted with food poisoning due to contaminated chicken. Which of the following safety levels is the minimum requirement for handling specimens from this patient?

cause a health hazard because of noxious gas, act as a projectile, cause an explosion.

A gas cylinder that is compromised could

Centrifuge

Which piece of lab equipment is most likely to produce an aerosolization hazard?

designate a laboratory chemical hygiene officer 

Board Review: One of the elements of a written laboratory chemical hygiene plan is to: 

daily 

Board Review: CAP requires refrigerator temperatures to be recorded: 

use only UL or other safety-agency-rated electrical equipment 

Board Review: To help prevent electrical fires in healthcare facilities

a lab coat

Board Review: An example of personal protective equipment (PPE) is: 

flammability 

Using a common labeling system for hazardous material identification such as HMIS or NFPA 704, the top red quadrant represents which hazard?

formaldeyde 

Board Review: Which chemical is a potential carcinogen?

match the name and medical record number on the patient's ID bracelet to the name and medical record number on the preprinted collection label 

Board Review: Which action by the phlebotomist will comply with the College of American Pathologists (CAP) Patient Safety Goal "to improve patient and sample identification at the time of specimen collection" and The Joint Commission Patient Safety Goal to "improve the accuracy of patient identification"?

single use and disposable gloves 

Board Review: When processing patient blood specimens and handling other potentially infectious material, the best choice of gloves is: 

touch a "contaminated" area phone with ungloved hands if hands are washed afterwards

Board Review: If areas of the laboratory are designated as "clean" or "contaminated," it is appropriate for a technologist to:

Bloodborne Pathogens standard

A lab technologist accidently splashes serum from a patient sample into her face. Which procedure best covers this exposure?

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Which federal organization has the responsibility of regulating safety and health of workers?

be secured upright to the wall or other stable source

Board Review: Compressed gas cylinders should: 

use emergency safety shower and flush body with water 

Board Review: A technologist spilled concentrated hydrochloric acid on his/her clothing and skin, affecting a large portion of the body. After removing involved clothing, the next first aid treatment step would be to: 

needlestick (eg, from AIDS contaminated needle)

Board Review: Which of the following forms of exposure places a technologist at the highest risk for infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

consult SDS sheets for proper disposal 

Board Review: A technician is asked to clean out the chemical reagent storeroom and discard any reagents not used in the past 5 years. How should the technician proceed?

the name and address of the testing laboratory 

Board Review: A paper or electronic report of lab results must include: 

confidentiality of patients' health care information between 2 organizations 

Board Review: HIPAA is a federal law that requires: 

hepatitis B

Board Review: Which infectious agent is considered to be the primary occupational health hazard regarding transmission of bloodborne pathogens?

parenteral inoculation of blood

Board Review: What is the most likely mode of transmission for bloodborne pathogens in laboratory acquired infections?

the medical director whose name is on the CLIA certificate 

According to CLIA who is responsible for classifying lab test complexity?

hazardous chemicals 

The purpose of the OSHA Hazard Communication, General Industry Standard, 29 CFR, Subpart Z, 1910. 1200, is to require employers to establish a program ensuring personnel are provided with information regarding the workplace dangers of: 

mechanical device 

When working with sharp equipment and objects, use a: 

sodium hypochlorite bleach

Which of the following is the best choice for decontaminating bench tops contaminated by the AIDS virus

corrosive 

A chemical that causes immediate visible destruction or irreversible alterations of human tissue at the contact site is best classified as:

sodium hypochlorite

The most effective disinfectant recommended for bloodborne pathogens is

turn the instrument off 

The first step to be taken when attempting to repair a piece of electronic equipment is 

be filed for all incidents including near miss incidents 

Incident reports for occupational injury or illness should: 

 

sodium hypochlorite 

Which disinfectant inactivates HIV and HBV?

change gloves and wash hands with antiseptic/soap and water 

While processing patient specimens, a technologist splashes a few small drops of a bronchial wash specimen on his/her gloves. The first action should be to: 

hepatitis B 

Infection rate is highest for laboratory professionals exposed to blood and body fluids containing: 

secure long hair and jewelry 

To prevent injury, a safe lab work practice is to:

electrical equipment 

Class C fires involve: 

barcode labeling

What is the mechanism for a total laboratory automation system to positively identify a sample?

Preventative maintenance

Which of the following is not part of a total laboratory automated testing system today?

bilirubin

Which clinical chemistry analyte must be protected from light for obtaining accurate results?

Polymerase chain reaction

Which measurement technology is not currently part of total laboratory automation systems?

Decreasing or eliminating transcription errors

Which is the best attribute of using a data management system?

Liquid level sensing is not important.

Which of the following is false concerning reagents and reagent delivery in chemistry analyzers?

None

Which of the following sample delivery systems is foolproof

Random access analysis

"Any specimen, by a command to the processing systems, can be analyzed by any available process, in or out of sequence with other specimens, and without regard to their initial order" describes which type of sample processing principle?

Carryover

A glucose result is falsely elevated and it was discovered that the previous sample on the sample carousel has abnormally high serum glucose. Which of the following can cause this error?

Workcell

Which of the following terms is associated with the following description? A combination of a specimen manager with instruments or consolidated instruments of chemistry and immunoassay reagents that provide a broad spectrum of analytical tests.

Work station

A designated area where a limited number of specific tasks are completed describes which of the following terms?

The initial costs are very high

Which of the following represents a disadvantage to acquiring and implementing total laboratory automation?

There is sufficient reagent present for the performance of a single test

Which of the following statements best describes unit test reagents?

Maintain a constant temperature environment for the reaction cuvets.

Peltier thermal electric module functions to: