Nondisjunction, Evolution Intro and Microevolution

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts regarding nondisjunction, genetic disorders, and evolutionary principles discussed in the lecture.

Nondisjunction

The incorrect separation of chromosomes during meiosis, leading to gametes with abnormal numbers of chromosomes.

Aneuploidy

An abnormal chromosome number, either more or fewer than the typical 46 chromosomes in humans.

Down syndrome

A genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting in delayed development and mental impairment.

Gene regulation

The process of turning genes on or off, which can result in changes in phenotype.

Natural selection

The process through which traits become more or less common in a population due to their impact on the survival and reproduction of individuals.

Microevolution

Small-scale evolutionary changes within a single species over time.

Macroevolution

Larger evolutionary changes that result in the emergence of new species.

Artificial selection

The process by which humans breed organisms for certain traits, leading to significant changes in domesticated species.

Gradualism

The evolutionary theory that proposes slow and steady changes over long periods.

Punctuated equilibrium

The evolutionary theory that suggests long periods of stability in species are interrupted by sudden changes.