Computer Networks & the Internet

Select what is true about computer networks. More than one answer may be selected.

A network is a group of two or more devices/computers connected together

Computer networks support many different software applications

Networks range in size from small home networks to the Internet, which is the world's largest network

PAN (Personal Area Network)-------

Connects devices around an individual. These typically involve smartphones linked to laptops, tablets, and Bluetooth devices.

LAN (Local Area Network)------

Connects a variety of devices for a single site such as an office or retail store.

WAN (Wide-Area Network)-----

Connects a variety of devices between two or more remote geographic locations.

Internets------

Connects multiple networks together

Which of the following functions are provided by an Internet Service Provider (ISP)? More than one answer may be selected.

Your ISP pays for access to the Internet

Provide access or a gateway to the resources on the Internet

Provide an Internet Protocol (IP) address

Put these steps in the proper order to explain communication over the Internet.

1. Assemble the data packet
2. Correct domain name is identified, a domain name is a unique name affiliated with an IP address.
   3.Look up IP address. Domain name system (DNS) is used to simplify the process.
3. IP (internet Protocol) Address is added to the packet.
4. Trasmission Control Protocol (TCP) TCP is an internet protocol that ensures delievery of packets

IP address that are permanently assigned.

Static IP address

Four-decimal notation such as 182.124.7.9. This allows for approximately 4 billion IPv4 addresses.

IPv4

Uses a format such as 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334 and can accommodate at least 340 undecillion addresses.

IPv6

Allows IP addresses to be translated in to recognizable words which are much easier to remember than a set of numbers.

Domain Name System (DNS)

A group of two or more devices/computers connected together to allow for the exchange of information and for the sharing of resources is call a

network

Which of the following are considered a basic type of computer network? You may select more than one.

Wide area network (WAN)

Personal area network (PAN)

Local area network (LAN)

Common methods to connect a LAN to the Internet include which of the following?

Coaxial cables

Fiber optic cables

Ethernet cables

Select all of the characteristics of that explain how the Internet works.

The connections points in the Internet are called nodes.
Data is transferred from one network to another network through hardware called routers.
Data on the Internet is usually stored on specialized computers called servers.

The number that is assigned to all information technology devices (routers, modems, etc.) which identifies the device and allows the device the ability to communicate with each other on a computer network, including the Internet is called an Internet _address.

Protocol

Select all of the correct statements about Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.

Covers how software applications communicate across networks and how data packets are assembled and reassembled once they reach their destination
A suite of communication protocols (standards/rules/guidelines) used to connect devices to the Internet
Used as a private network communications protocol for private networks including intranets and extranets

Select the true statements about sending information on the Internet.

Devices connect to the Internet or a network using network cables or wireless technologies.
Modems and routers are connected to the Internet via an Internet Service Provider (ISP).
Each device connecting to the Internet or a network must have a network interface card (NIC) installed.

The next evolution in the development of the World Wide Web, Web _ will include many features and tools that allow individuals to make better use of the billions of web pages on the Internet, the wide array of smartphone applications, and to make the best use of the Internet of Things (IoT).

3

Select what's true about Geographic Information Systems (GIS). More than one answer may be selected.

GIS permits organizations and users the ability to store, view, and analyze geographic and geographic data in the form of multidimensional charts and maps.

GIS allows for the analysis of spatial data (including geospatial data and geographic information) that is used for more informed decision making.

GIS are built on a foundation provided by the Global Positioning System (GPS).

Handles the physical parts of sending and receiving data. Data can be sent via wireless networks, Ethernet cable, network interface cards (NIC), etc.

Network Access Layer

Controls the movement of packets throughout the network

Internet

Divides data into packets and acknowledges the packets have been received

Transport

The group of applications that require network communication and are used by people to facilitate communication. These include email and messaging applications

Application

In order to connect to the Internet and other computers on a network, each device must have a network card (NIC) installed.

interface

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are focused on the capture, analysis, use, and management of spatial location information. GIS is rooted in the science of geography and seeks to integrate many types of data to create visualizations using maps and 3D scenes. Which of the following are applications of GIS? More than one answer may be selected.

The retail sector uses GIS information to place certain products based on regional demand preferences.

Organizations use GIS combined with data analytics to better determine customer needs and wants.

Telecommunications providers use GIS to map out cell tower placement.

The second-generation Internet which is based on interactivity and dynamic content and allows people to collaborate and share information online.is called Web

2

Put the steps of cellular communication (placing a call on a cellular network) in the correct order, starting with placing a call.

1. Place the call
2. converted and recived by the phone you were calling
3. Converted to an electrical signal that is sent back through the network
4. via radio waves to an analog signal that you can hear

With a location specified, the GIS finds targets within the defined area. This can include gas stations, hospitals, and retail stores.

Proximity Location

When a user has determined their destination, GIS can assist in providing directions

Route Information

GIS can map population densities based on a standardized unit of measure (kilometers). This can assist decision making related to increased police presence or mapping of delivery routes.

Density Maps

GIS can provide information related to how many businesses are present in a certain geographic area. This can help businesses to make more informed decisions about where to open their next store.

Quantity Maps

In the broadest sense, the of Things refers to everything connected to the Internet. It allows billions of devices to be connected to the Internet and is increasingly being used to define objects connected to the Internet that talk to each other including sensors, wearable technology, and smartphones.

internet

Select 3 true statements about how 5G connectivity supports IoT, as compared to 4G connectivity.

5G connectivity allows for faster connection speeds.

5G connectivity allows for lower latency.

5G connectivity allows for greater data capacity.

This type of information system is focused on the capture, analysis, use, and management of spatial location information. It is rooted in the science of geography and seeks to integrate many types of data to create visualizations using maps and 3D scenes. This definition explains a _ Information System.

Geographic

Transmits cell phone signals to the cellular system's mobile switching station.

Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

Controls all the transmissions between cellular phone towers and their base transceiver stations.

Mobile Switching Station

Allow smartphones to receive an analog sound wave, such as a person's voice, and convert it to a digital signal that can be processed and stored by a computer.

Analog-Digital Converter (ADC)

A small computer within your smartphone that analyzes the sounds entering your phone through the analog/digital converter.

Digital Signal Processor (DSP)

Examples of Internet of Things (IoT) devices include which of the following? More than one answer may be selected.

Smart Speakers

Smart TVs

Home Security Cameras

The next generation of mobile connectivity that will provide faster data transfer speeds and enhanced connection reliability. Is called ____G. It is the fifth-generation wireless technology for digital cellular networks that began wide deployment in 2019.

5

Select what's true about Cloud computing in today's business environment. More than one answer may be selected.

In the United States, 96% of all organizations use the Cloud in one form or another.

93% of small businesses backup some portion of their data using a Cloud provider.

70% of global businesses backup some portion of their data using a Cloud service provider.

Select the potential applications/benefits of 5G networks. More than one answer may be selected.

5G connectivity has the potential to create truly connected cities.

5G networks may eventually allow for autonomous vehicles to safely interact with each other and their environment.

5G connectivity will greatly improve what businesses and individuals can do with connected devices.

A computing model where processing, storage, software, applications, and a variety of services are provided over a network, mainly access via the Internet is called _computing.

cloud

Makes data backup and recovery easier because critical data are stored offsite and in multiple locations.

Disaster Recovery

Enables organizations to communicate and share data/information more efficiently. Collaboration is facilitated because multiple users can share and work on files at the same time.

Collaboration

Reduces expenditures on IT infrastructure and hard disk space.

Cost Savings

Allows for the access of data, files, and programs when you are off-site or at home via web-enabled devices.

Flexibility

While there are many benefits of Cloud computing, there are also some disadvantages. One of the disadvantages is _ . This can occur because of maintenance, system/mechanical failure, natural disasters, and outside intrusions/attacks.

downtime

Networks support 500 mbps to 10 Gbps of download speed. Speeds vary by location and carrier. At the top end, that's over 100 times the speed of 4G.

Faster Connection/Data Transfer Speeds

Allows for more high-demand devices to connect over single network. This means more people can transmit data at the same time.

Greater Capacity

On 4G networks, the time that passes when a device is asked to perform a task to when it is completed is between 40-50 milliseconds. 5G can reduce this by 75%.

Lower Latency

According to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) there are four Cloud computing deployment models. _ Cloud is a Cloud deployment model where Cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a single organization comprising multiple consumers, e.g., business units). It may be owned, managed, and operated by the organization, a third party, or some combination of them, and may exist on or off premises.

private

Large and small businesses find they can their reliance on internal IT infrastructure and reduce cost by utilizing Cloud-based technologies.

decrease

Which of the following are benefits of Cloud computing? More than one answer may be selected.

There is significant storage capacity.

Broad network access

It can provide virtual applications software.

Offers a broad set of global Cloud-based products including compute, storage, databases, analytics, networking, mobile, developer tools, management tools, IoT, security, and enterprise solutions.

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Offers a suite of modular Cloud computing services including data storage, data analytics, computing, and machine learning. Google also offers serverless computing, IaaS, and PaaS.

Google Cloud

Offers a range of flexible Cloud infrastructure services including Cloud servers, cloud block storage, private cloud network, cloud firewall, and fully managed Cloud.

Kamatera Performance Cloud

Offers cloud solutions for Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP).

Salesforce

There are many benefits of Cloud computing. One benefit of cloud computing is Blank that allows for the access of data, files, and programs when you are off-site or at home via web-enabled devices.
Multiple choice question.

Flexibility

Select the true statements about Content Delivery Networks (CDN).

PoPs include various caching servers that assist in delivering content to website visitors within its operational proximity.

CDNs provide more efficient delivery of Internet and Web content because the closer the CDN server is to the user geographically, the faster the content will be delivered.

CDNs are geographically distributed network server groups that work together to deliver web pages and other web content to us

Cloud services are subject to planned and unplanned downtime. Downtime can occur because of maintenance, system/mechanical failure, natural disasters, and outside intrusions/attacks.

Downtime

Cloud service providers do their best to implement the best security measures they can. These security measures often align with security and governmental standards.

Security

Cloud infrastructure is owned, managed, controlled, and monitored by the Cloud service provider. This means the customer often has little control over cloud service processes and procedures.

Limited Control

Also known as vendor lock-in, vendor agreements make switching between cloud services somewhat difficult. A vendor agreement is a signed contract with the Cloud service provider for their services.

Vendor Agreements

Which of the following are correct statements about web services? More than one answer may be selected.

Web services allow for the exchange of information between two systems and are not tied to any one operating system or programming language.

Web services are a set of software technologies that are able to exchange information with each other using standardized web communication protocols and languages.

Web services can be used to create apps that link different systems of different organizations and to build open-standard based web applications.

Cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a single organization comprising multiple consumers, e.g., business units).

Private Cloud

The Cloud infrastructure is provisioned for open use by the general public. It may be owned, managed, and operated by a business, academic, or government organization, or some combination of them.

Public Cloud

The Cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more distinct Cloud infrastructures that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology.

Hybrid Cloud

Cloud infrastructure for exclusive use by a specific community of consumers from organizations that have shared concerns (mission, security requirements, policy and compliance).

Community Cloud

A Cloud-based service that is hosted on a vendor's cloud that allows users to access a software application using a web browser is referred to as Software as a __.

Service

Which of the following services are often provided by Platform as a Service (PaaS) vendors. More than one answer may be selected.

Provide mobile software development kits (SDKs) that assist in app development.

Hosting of hardware and software
Multi-language program development

There are a number of Cloud service vendors that provide a variety of Cloud services. Generally, Cloud computing services are classified in three ways: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and _as a Service (SaaS).

software

Select the correct statements about Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).

IaaS is an instant computing infrastructure composed of processing, data storage, and a variety of other computing resources provided by a cloud vendor.

IaaS helps organizations avoid the cost of acquiring and managing their own physical servers and datacenter architecture.

Geographically distributed network server groups that work together to deliver more efficient delivery of Internet and Web content are called _Delivery Networks (CDN).

content

Web services are a set of software technologies that are able to exchange information with each other using standardized web communication protocols and languages. One of the technologies on which web services are based is XML. XML stands for Extensible Language.

markup

Which 3 of the following are examples of Software as a Service (Saas)?

Smartsheet

Microsoft Office 365

Google apps (Google Docs)

Cloud services security policies vary by Cloud provider, so it's important to research policies before signing a service level agreement (SLA). Some important questions to ask a vendor about Cloud services security include which of the following? More than one answer may be selected.

What type of disaster plans are in place?*

Does the vendor have any specific security certifications?

Does the vendor go through regular security audits?

A Cloud-based computing model where Cloud service providers offer hardware and software tools need for application/software development via the Internet is called _as a Service. These vendors host the hardware and software needed for development on their own infrastructure that removes the need for developers to install this on their own devices.

platform

An online computing structure composed of processing, storage, other computer resources is referred to ___ (IaaS).

Infrastructure

Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) are commonly used by organizations to securely send communications. Select the correct statements about VPNs.

A VPN creates a secure connection between two computers.
VPN software authenticates the users and establishes a secure connection.
Used by organizations whose employees need access to a company network remotely.

Blockchain makes changing any information in a contract almost impossible. This proves to be advantageous for businesses that are dealing with multiple contracts.

Business Contracts

The encryption used in Blockchain makes it ideal for monetary transactions. Also, blockchain eliminates the need for banks to handle monetary transactions.

Monetary Transactions

Blockchain allows shippers and customers to verify with almost absolute certainty where items and goods are along the supply chain thus removing guesswork and inefficiencies.

Supply Chain Management

Blockchain can be used to trace mistakes and errors in manufacturing back to the point of origin.

Quality Assurance

Policies, procedures, controls, and hardware that work together to ensure systems are secure are some of the advantages of using ___.

Cloud Security Services Systems

Serving as the technology behind cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, __ provides a level playing field for all users.

Blockchain

A type of network that creates a secure connection between two computers is a _private network that allows for encrypted communications using the Internet for data transmission and communication.

virtual

Software and technologies that uses computer code that creates concatenated (linked together) blocks of transactions called __ allows people to share a digital ledger across a network of computers.

Blockchain

The name "Blockchain" refers to how data are stored using this technology. Blockchain stores transaction data in blocks. Each block in the blockchain contains a Blank that is a digital fingerprint or unique identifier that helps to create secure transactions.

hash

What are the characteristics of cryptocurrency?

Its value depends largely on the supply and demand for it.
It is not backed by any assets.
It is not issued by a central bank.

Created in 2015, is the second most valuable cryptocurrency after Bitcoin. Its cryptocurrency is called an Ether.

Ethereum

Allowing people to share a digital ledger across a network of computers, Blank uses computer code to create concatenated (linked together) blocks of transactions.
Multiple choice question.

Blockchain

Using collaboration software, people can share content in real-time including documents, spreadsheets, videos, and messages. This leads to better __,

communication

Designed to enhance the productivity of teams, groups, and organizations. software allows for the creation of a dedicated workspace where users can add data and workflows.

collaboration

Put In order to a new block to be added to the blockchain, four criteria must be met. Put the steps of adding a new block to the blockchain in the correct order.

1. 2.
2. 
   4.

What are two characteristics of cryptocurrency?

It is decentralized.
It is digital.

Created in 2008, it remains the most widely traded and respected cryptocurrency. No one truly knows who created Bitcoin, but the creator of the cryptocurrency goes by the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto.

Bitcoin (BTC)

Created in 2015, it is the second most valuable cryptocurrency.

Ethereum (ETH)

A forked cryptocurrency from Bitcoin. A fork is when a cryptocurrency is split into two different cryptocurrencies.

Bitcoin Cash (BCH)