Kantian Moral Theory and Its Implications

These flashcards cover key concepts from Kantian Moral Theory, its principles, and philosophical challenges related to ethics, moral nihilism, and the subjectivity versus objectivity of moral facts.

What is the fundamental goal of lying according to the transcript?

Deception.

What is the first formulation of the Categorical Imperative by Kant?

An action is wrong if one cannot will that it become a universal law.

Why does Kant believe lying is wrong?

Because if lying were permissible, it would lead to a world where no one could successfully communicate truthfully.

What does Kant say about the rules derivable from the Categorical Imperative?

They are absolute and have no exceptions.

How does Kant differentiate between perfect and imperfect obligations?

Perfect obligations are owed to specific individuals and must always be fulfilled, while imperfect obligations are general duties owed to others but not at a specific moment.

What is the view of Moral Nihilism?

The belief that right and wrong do not exist and all moral beliefs are false.

What distinguishes Moral Objectivism from Moral Subjectivism?

Moral Objectivism holds that moral facts exist and are objective, while Moral Subjectivism believes that moral facts are dependent on individual attitudes.

According to Kant, how should a good will be motivated?

A good will should act out of duty, not based on emotions or desires.

What is a significant challenge faced by Kant's moral theory?

The problem of moral dilemmas, where two conflicting duties require incompatible actions.

What does the Categorical Imperative imply about using others as a means to an end?

It is wrong to treat a person merely as a means to achieve one's own ends.

What is Radical Subjectivism?

The belief that moral facts are merely expressions of individual attitudes.

What is the principle of Divine Command Theory?

Something is right or wrong based upon God's approval or disapproval.

What is Moral Realism?

The belief that moral facts are real and moral principles are objective, akin to scientific truths.

What does Kant say about the moral value of actions based on their consequences?

The moral value of an action is determined by the motive behind it, not by the consequences.

What are the implications of the claim that moral mistakes must be possible?

It suggests that moral beliefs should allow for the possibility of being wrong in ethical judgments.