Clinical Ophthalmology: Macular Degeneration, Optic Neuritis, and Retinal Disorders

Flashcards covering the types, clinical features, diagnostic tests, and management strategies for Macular Degeneration, Optic Neuritis, Retinitis Pigmentosa, and Retinoblastoma.

Dry Macular Degeneration is characterized by the accumulation of debris between the __________ and the choroid.

retina

In Wet Macular Degeneration, __________ membranes develop under the retina and leak fluid. which can be _______

Neovascular serious condition

The clinical features of Macular Degeneration include a sudden fading of __________ vision.

central

In patients with Macular Degeneration, objects may appear _________ and __________ lines may seem ______.

distortion Straight wavy

A diagnostic tool used to identify distorted lines in Macular Degeneration is the __________ grid.

AMSLER

During funduscopy of a patient with Macular Degeneration, white __________ and haemorrhage may be observed.

exudate

The management of Wet MD may involve fluorescein angiography and __________ photocoagulation.

Laser

Optic neuritis is defined as the __________ of the optic nerve.

Inflammation

Common causes of Optic Neuritis include ________, neurosyphilis, and toxins.

Multiple sclerosis

clinical feature of optic neuritis _______

Painful

The pattern of vision loss over a few days in Optic Neuritis is usually described as a '__________'.

Central Scotoma

fundoscopy of the optic neuritis

optic atrophy characterized by disc swelling and possible pallor.

For the testing of Optic Neuritis, the __________ is used as the baseline and first diagnostic imaging.

MRI

The pharmacological management for Optic Neuritis is the administration of IV __________.

methyl prednisolone

Physical signs of Retinitis pigmentosa include arteriolar attenuation and perivascular '__________' pigmentation.

bone-spicule

Retinoblastoma is a tumor of early childhood arising in the cells of the __________.

retina

what is this

reinoblastoma