WHII June

Afghanistan

Country invaded by the USSR in 1979, becoming their "Vietnam”.

 Bay of Pigs Invasion

Failed US-backed attempt to overthrow Cuba's communist government.

 Berlin Airlift

 US/UK flying food and supplies into West Berlin during the Soviet blockade.

 Berlin Blockade

Soviet attempt to starve out West Berlin by cutting off land routes.

Berlin Wall

Concrete barrier built by East Germany to stop citizens fleeing to the West.

 Cold War

 Decades-long political tension and rivalry between the US and USSR.

 Communism

Economic system where the government owns all property and businesses.

 Containment Policy

 US strategy to stop the global spread of communism.

 Cuban Missile Crisis

 1962 nuclear standoff between US and USSR over Soviet missiles in Cuba.

 Deterrence Theory

 Idea that having nuclear weapons prevents enemies from attacking out of fear.

Free Enterprise (Capitalism)

 Economic system based on private ownership and free markets.

 Glasnost

Soviet policy of openness and increased freedom of speech.

 Mikhail Gorbachev

Last leader of the USSR who introduced reforms that led to its collapse.

 Iron Curtain

 Imaginary line dividing communist Eastern Europe from democratic Western Europe.

 Joseph Stalin

Brutal Soviet dictator during WWII and the early Cold War.

 Korean War

1950s conflict between communist North Korea and democratic South Korea.

 NATO

Military alliance formed by Western nations to defend against Soviet aggression.

 Nuclear Weapons

Mass-destruction bombs that defined Cold War military tension.

 Perestroika

Gorbachev’s policy of restructuring the Soviet economy toward capitalism.

 Proxy War

A war fought between other countries but funded/backed by major superpowers.

 Satellite State

A country that is formally independent but heavily controlled by another nation.

 Stalin’s Purges

Campaign of terror where Stalin killed or imprisoned political rivals.

 United Nations

Global organization formed in 1945 to maintain world peace.

 USSR

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Soviet Union).

 Vietnam War

Conflict where the US tried and failed to stop communist control of Vietnam.

 V.I. Lenin

Revolutionary leader who founded the Soviet Union.

 Warsaw Pact

Military alliance of communist nations led by the Soviet Union.

 Yalta Conference

1945 meeting where US, UK, and USSR planned the postwar division of Europe.

 Chiang Kai-shek

Nationalist leader who lost the Chinese Civil War and fled to Taiwan.

 Cultural Revolution

Mao's violent campaign to purge capitalist elements and enforce communist loyalty.

 Deng Xiaoping

Chinese leader who introduced capitalist economic reforms after Mao.

 Four Modernizations

Deng’s goals to improve China's agriculture, industry, defense, and tech.

 Great Leap Forward:

Mao's failed economic plan that caused a massive deadly famine.

Kuomintang

The Chinese Nationalist Party led by Chiang Kai-shek.

 Long March

 Famous 6,000-mile retreat by Chinese communists escaping Nationalist forces.

 Mao Tse-tung (Zedong

: Brutal dictator who led the communist revolution and founded modern China.

 Taiwan

Island where Chinese Nationalists fled; operates as an independent democratic nation.

 Tiananmen Square

1989 site of a student-led pro-democracy protest crushed by the Chinese military.

 Afrikaner

South African ethnic group descended from Dutch settlers.

 African National Congress (ANC)

Political party that fought against apartheid in South Africa.

 Apartheid

Legal system of strict racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa.

 Bishop Desmond Tutu

Human rights activist and archbishop who fought apartheid peacefully.

Kwame Nkrumah

Leader who helped Ghana win independence and promoted Pan-Africanism.

 Nelson Mandela

Anti-apartheid leader who was jailed for 27 years and became South Africa's first Black president.

 Organization of African Unity (OAU)

Group formed to promote unity and freedom among African nations.

 Amritsar

City where British troops massacred hundreds of peaceful Indian protesters in 1919.

 Civil Disobedience

Refusing to obey unjust laws using peaceful, non-violent protest.

 India and Pakistan

Two nations created by the 1947 partition of British India along religious lines.

 Jawaharlal Nehru

First Prime Minister of independent India.

 Kashmir

Disputed region over which India and Pakistan have fought multiple wars.

 Mohammed Ali Jinnah

 Leader of the Muslim League and founder of Pakistan.

 Mohandas Gandhi

Leader who used non-violent resistance to win India's independence from Britain

 Muslim League

Political group formed to protect Muslim interests and push for Pakistan's creation.

 Salt March

 Gandhi’s 240-mile protest march against the British monopoly on salt.

Anwar Sadat

Egyptian president who made a historic peace treaty with Israel.

 Arab-Israeli Conflict

Decades of political tension and warfare between Arab nations and Israel.

 Arab Nationalism

Movement aimed at uniting the countries of the Arab world.

 Bangladesh

Nation created in 1971 after breaking away from Pakistan (formerly East Pakistan).

 Gamal Abdul Nasser

 Egyptian president who nationalized the Suez Canal and championed Arab unity.

Hamas

Palestinian militant group that controls the Gaza Strip.

 Intifada

Palestinian uprisings against Israeli occupation.

 Jerusalem

Holy city claimed as a capital by both Israelis and Palestinians.

 League of Nations

Weak post-WWI global organization that failed to prevent WWII.

 Mandate System

Post-WWI system where European powers controlled former Ottoman territories.

Nationalism

Strong pride and devotion to one's country or ethnic group.

 PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization)

Group formed to represent Palestinians and push for a homeland.

 Security Council

Powerful UN body responsible for maintaining global peace and security.

 Self-Determination

The right of a group of people to choose their own government.

 Settlements

Israeli communities built on land captured during the 1967 war.

 Six-Day War

1967 war where Israel defeated neighboring Arab nations and seized major territories.

 Two-State Solution

Proposed plan to create an independent Palestine alongside Israel.

 UN Partition Plan – 1947

UN proposal to divide Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states.

 Zionism

Movement aimed at creating and supporting a Jewish national homeland in Israel.