Physio variants

1. Pain receptors in the gut and urinary traet may be stimulated by :

a) distention

b) inflammation of the wall

c) acid fluid

di) vigorous rhythmic contractions behind an obstruction

e) all of the answers are correct

e) all of the answers are correct

Atropine causes:

a) paralysis of accommodation for near vision in the eye

b) constriction of the pupil

c) constriction of the bronchi

d) diarrhea

e) bradycardia

a) paralysis of accommodation for near vision in the eye

According to the circadian rhythm the body temperature is:

a) the lowest in the afternoon and the highest in the morning

b) the lowest at midnight and the highest at noon

c) the highest at midnight and the lowest at noon

d) the highest in the morning and the lowest at noon

e) the highest in the afternoon and the lowest in the morning

e) the highest in the afternoon and the lowest in the morning

Frank-Starling law states that:

a) the myocardial contractility depends on the end systolic volume;

b) going away from sin-atrial node the rate of conduction system cells self excitation decreases;

c) the myocardial contraction strength is directly proportional to a certain degree to the cardiomyocytes initial length;

d) treshold and supertrashold stimuli trigger maximal for the moment excitation and contraction;

e) myocardial contraction strength doesn"t depend on the initial length of the cardiac muscle fibers.

c) the myocardial contraction strength is directly proportional to a certain degree to the cardiomyocytes initial length;

48. The humoral and pharmacological factors inhibiting salivary secretion are:

a) catecholamines

b) cholinolytics

c) adrenomimetics

d) catecholamines, cholinolytics; adrenomimetics

e) adrenolytics and cholinomimetics

d) catecholamines, cholinolytics; adrenomimetics

The sympathetic response to stress includes:

a) increased blood pressure and increased glycogen breakdown in liver and muscles

b) decreased glycogen breakdown in liver and muscles

c) increased glycogen synthesis in liver and muscles

d) decreased blood clotting

e) decrease of the respiratory rate

a) increased blood pressure and increased glycogen breakdown in liver and muscles

insulin:
a. secretion is decreased by sympathetic nerve activity
b. decreases entry of glucose into skeletal muscle
c. decreases entry of amino acids into skeletal muscle
d. secretion is decreased by vagal nerve activity
e. has lipolytic effect

e. has lipolytic effect

Human circadian (24-hour) rhythms:

a) are triggered totally by external (exogenous) factors

b) depend more on the integrity of the cerebral cortex than of the hypothalamus

c) adapt within 48 hours on changing from day to night shift work

d) for melatonin secretion produce high night-time and low daytime levels of the hormone

e) for the eosinophil count produce peak values around midday

d) for melatonin secretion produce high night-time and low daytime levels of the hormone

When AB (0) blood is transfused to a reciplent of blood type 0 (antl-A, antl-B):

a) the limit of the blood transfused is up to 300 ml;

b) the transfused amount is unlimited;

c) transfusion is forbidden;

d) transfusion of plasma is the only possibility;

e) possible only once in a lifetime.

d) transfusion of plasma is the only possibility;

1. In the WBC differential count the lymphocytes are:

a) 0 to 6%

b) 0 to 2%

c) 42 to 70%

d) 22 to 48%

e) 1 to 14%

d) 22 to 48%

Cortisol increases blood glucose level by increasing:

a) lipolysis;

b) protein synthesis in muscles;

c) gluconeogenesis;

d) growth hormone secretion;

e) insulin secretion.

c) gluconeogenesis;

Human circadian (24-hour) rhythms:

a) are triggered totally by external(exogenous factors

b) depend more on the integrity of the cerebral cortex than of the hypothalamus

c) adapt within 48 hours on changing from day to night shift work

d) for melatonin secretion produce high night-time and low daytime levels of the hormone

e) for the eosinophil count produce peak values around midday

d) for melatonin secretion produce high night-time and low daytime levels of the hormone

The concentration of the final urine is due to:

a) the countercurrent multiplying mechanism in the collecting tubule

b) the countercurrent exchanger of peritubular capillary network

c) the countercurrent multiplying mechanism in the loop of Henle and ADH

d) the effective reabsorptive pressure

e) the glomerular filtration

c) the countercurrent multiplying mechanism in the loop of Henle and ADH

Which enzymes get secreted in the gastric juice

a) pepsinogens and gastric lipase;

b) pepsinogene, tripsinogene and maltase;

c) pepsinogene, lipase and HCI;

d) proteolytic, lipolytic and amylolytic enzymes;

e) proteolytic, nucleolytic, lipolytic and amylolytic enzymes

a) pepsinogens and gastric lipase;

The factors determining glomerular filtration rate

a) hemodynamic, colloid-osmotic pressures;

b) hemodynamic, reabsorptive pressures;

c) hemodynamic, colloid-osmotic, intracapsular pressures;

d) intraabdominal, hemodynamic, colloid-osmotic pressures;

e) filtration, reabsorptive pressures.

c) hemodynamic, colloid-osmotic, intracapsular pressures;

The concentration of the final urine is due to:

a) the countercurrent multiplying mechanism in the collecting tubule;

b) the countercurrent exchanger of peritubular capillary network;

c) the countercurrent multiplying mechanism in the loop of Henle and ADH;

d) the effective absorption pressure;

e) the glomerular filtration.

c) the countercurrent multiplying mechanism in the loop of Henle and ADH;

Bronchodilator effect has:

a) catecholamines;

b) acetylcholine:

c) histamine;

d) bradykinin:

e) serotonin.

The chemoreceptors in the carotid artery and in the aortic are excited at:

a) reduction of pCO; in plasma;

b) increase in plasma pH;

c) increase in plasma pO,;

d) reduction of pO, in plasma;

e) increasing te

During isovolumetric contraction:

a) A-V valves are opened, S-L. valves are opened;

b) A-V valves are closed, S-L, valves are opened;

c) A-V valves are opened, S-L valves are closed;

d) A-V valves are closed, S-L valves are closed;

e) sometimes A-V valves are opened, sometimes closed, depending on the end-diastolic volume (EDV).

d) A-V valves are closed, S-L valves are closed;

1. The long-term regulation of arterial pressure is:

a) nerve-reflex;

b) caried out by pressor and depressor baroreceptor reflexes;

c) humoral and restores the volume of blood,

d) carried out by depressor chemoreceptive reflexes;

e) carried out by ventral medial hypothalamus.

c) humoral and restores the volume of blood,

1. According to the circadian rhythm the body temperature is:

a) the lowest in the afternoon and the highest in the morning;

b) the lowest at midnight and the highest at noon;

c) the highest at midnight and the lowest at noon;

d) the highest in the moming and the lowest at noon

e) the highest in the afternoon and the lowest in the morning

e) the highest in the afternoon and the lowest in the morning

Atropine causes :

a) paralysis of accommodation for near vision in the eye

b) constriction of the pupil

c) constriction of the bronchi

d) diarrhea

e) bradycardia

a) paralysis of accommodation for near vision in the eye

Select the excitatory neurotransmitter:

a) GABA;

b) glutamate;

c) glycine;

d) serotonin,

e )dopamine.

b) glutamate;

The neuromuscular synapses are:

a) only excitatory;

b) only inhibitory;

c) neither excitatory nor inhibitory;

d) excitatory or inhibitory depending on the recepters;

e) excitatory or inhibitory depending on the neurotransmitter.

a) only excitatory;

What role do Ca2+ ions play in the muscle contraction?

a) excitation-contraction coupling;

b) prevent the contraction;

c) form cross bridges;

d) release energy for the contraction;

e )excite the myofiber.

a) excitation-contraction coupling;

Human circadian (24-hour) rhythms:

a) are triggered totally by external (exogenous) factors;

b) depend more on the integrity of the cerebral cortex than of the hypothalamus;

c) adapt within 48 hours on changing from day to night shift work;

d) for melatonin secretion produce high night-time and low day- time levels of the hormone;

e) for the eosinophil count produce peak values around midday.

d) for melatonin secretion produce high night-time and low day- time levels of the hormone;

The specific dynamic action of food:

a) is the decrease in metabolic rate that results from ingestion of food;

b) persists for about an hour after a meal is ingested;

c) is due to the additional energy expended in digesting and absorbing the food;

d) results in about 30 per cent of the energy value of ingested protein being unavailable for other purposes;

e) results in about 20% of the energy value of ingested fat and carbohydrate being unavailable for other purposes.

d) results in about 30 per cent of the energy value of ingested protein being unavailable for other purposes;

Secretion of saliva increases when:

a) atropine is applied;

b) the mouth is flushed with fluids with a pH of about 7;

c) the subject thinks of unappetizing food;

d) sympathetic outflow increases, making it less viscous;

e) the saliva glands parasympathetic nerve supply is stimulated.

e) the saliva glands parasympathetic nerve supply is stimulated.

Cortisol increases blood glucose level by increasing:

a) lipolysis;

b) protein synthesis in muscles;

c) gluconeogenesis;

d) growth hormone secretion;

e) insulin secretion.

c) gluconeogenesis;

For surfactant, the statement is true that:

a) makes exhalation difficult;

b) relaxes the bronchi;

c) reduces the surface tension of the water layer, covering

d) its concentration increases s

e) at increased concentration

The factors determining glomerular filtration are:

a) hemodynamic, colloid-osmotic

b) hemodynamic, reabsorptive

c) hemodynamic, colloid-osmotic, intracapsular

d) intraabdominal, hemodynamic, colloid-osmotic

e) filtration, reabsorptive

c) hemodynamic, colloid-osmotic, intracapsular

1. The chemoreceptors In the carotid artery and in the aortie are excited at:

a) reduction of pCO2 in plasma;

b) increase in plasma pH;

c) increase in plasma pO2;

d) reduction of pO2 in plasma;

e) increasing t

d) reduction of pO2 in plasma;