MODULE 1: Historical Development of Pharmacy

Pharmacy

The science and practice of discovering, producing, preparing, dispensing, reviewing, and monitoring medications to ensure their safe, effective, quality, and affordable use.

Pharmacy

store/outlet where medicinal drugs are prepared, dispensed and sold

Pharmacist

A healthcare professional who specializes in the preparation, dispensing, and management of medications, ensuring safe and effective use while providing counseling and guidance.

Pharmacist

serve as primary care providers in the community

Medication

A drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease or to promote well-being.

Drug

A chemical substance that produces a biological effect when administered to a living organism.

Pharmakon

The Greek word meaning "drug" or "medicine."

Shaman & Priest

healer during the Ancient era

Cool water, leaf, and dirt/mud

first soothing application

Ancient Babylon

The cradle of civilization where the earliest practices of the apothecary were recorded.

Asipu

A magical healer in ancient Babylon who relied on spells and magical stones.

Asu

An empirical healer in ancient Babylon who used plant materials for treatment.

Shen Nung

An emperor known for investigating the medicinal value of herbs and authoring the first herbal text, Pen T-Sao.

Papyrus Ebers

An important pharmaceutical record from 1500 B.C. containing 800 prescriptions and 700 drugs.

Bowl of Hygeia

The international symbol of the pharmacy profession, representing health and cleanliness.

Asclepius

god of the healing art; believed to impact healing by touching one with his staff or serpent

Hygeia

daughter of Asclepius; the goddess of health, cleanliness and sanitation

Hippocrates

A Greek physician known for introducing scientific methods in pharmacy and medicine. Wrote the oath of hypocrites

Theophrastus

aka Father of Botany; he studied the medical qualities of herbs.

Pedanios Dioscorides

A Greek physician and botanist who published "De Materia Medica", documenting medicinal substances.

Mithridates VI (King of Pontus)

aka Royal Taxologist; He made the art of poisoning (preventing and counteracting poisoning)

Claudius Galen

A Greek pharmacist-physician known for his principles of preparing and compounding medicines. Originator of the formula of cold cream

Galenicals

pharmaceuticals compounded by mechanical means

Terra sigillata

Early trademarked drug

Damian

Patron saint of Pharmacy

Cosmas

Patron saint of Medicine

Avicenna

The Persian Galen

Magna Carta of Pharmacy

The first European edict separating the pharmaceutical profession from medicine

Frederick II of Hohenstaufen

King of Sicily; enacted the Magna Carta of Pharmacy

Carl Wilhelm Scheele

Father of Modern Plant Chemistry; discovered oxygen, chlorine, prussic acid, tartaric acid, tungsten, molybdenum, glycerin, nitroglycerin, and countless other organic

Theophrastus

possible to prepare a specific medicinal agent to combat each specific disease and introduced a host of chemical substances to internal therapy

Nuovo Receptario

First official Pharmacopoeia

Francis Bacon

formed a separate company known as the "Master, Wardens and Society of the Art and Mystery of the Apothecaries of the City of London"

John Winthrop

developed “sovereign remedy” that he called rubila

Elizabeth Marshall

America's first woman pharmacist

Jonathan Roberts

first Hospital Pharmacist

Andrew Craigie

America’s first apothecary general; pharmaceutical officer in an American army

Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Serturner

First of the alkaloid chemists

Caventou, Pelletier, and Quinine

isolated emetine from ipecacuanha, strychnine and brucine from nux vomica, Peruvian barks that were so useful against malaria, separation of quinine and cinchonine from the cinchona barks

Shakers

First U.S. industry in medicinal herbs in the form of bricks

William Procter, Jr.

Regarded as the "father of American pharmacy" and instrumental in founding the American Pharmaceutical Association.

U.S

The first book of drug standards from a professional source, achieving national acceptance in 1820.

Parke Davis & Company

introduced standardized "Liquor Ergotae Purificatus

Stanislas Limousin

Pharmacal inventor (i.e. medicine dropper, colorants, and wafer cachets)

Ernest Francois Auguste Fourneau

His early work with bismuth and arsenic compounds advanced the treatment of syphilis

Charles Alderton

inventor of the soft drink Dr Pepper

Caleb Bradham

inventor of the soft drink Pepsi

Charles Elmer Hires

inventor of root beer

John Pemberton

inventor of coca-cola

James Vernor

inventor of Vernor’s ginger ale

Antibiotics

A class of drugs used to treat bacterial infections, with significant developments during the 20th century.

Biotechnology

The use of microorganisms to produce drugs and hormones.

Genetic Engineering

The scientific alteration of genetic material in living organisms for therapeutic purposes.

Botica Boie

The first drugstore in the Philippines, founded in 1830 by Dr. Lorenzo Negrao.

University of Santo Tomas

The first institution in the Philippines to offer a course in Pharmacy, established in 1871.

Don Leon Ma. Guerrero

Father of Philippine Pharmacy

Escuela de Farmacia del Liceo de Manila

The first pharmacy school run by Filipinos, founded in 1904 by Dr. Alejandro Albert.

Filomena Francisco & Matilde S. Arquiza

The first female pharmacist in the Philippines, recognized in 1908.

Dr Valerio Jarhling

First dean of CEU pharmacy; prepared tiki-tiki