Carbon compounds

Marcomolecules

Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins

Carbohydrates CHO

are used to stored and release energy

structural support and protection

Monosaccharides (monomers) simple sugars

Glucose, Galactose, fructose

Galactose

sugar found in milk

Glucose

a sugar that our cells need for energy

Fructose

sweetest sugar and is found in fruits

Dehydration synthesis or condensation synthesis

water is released as a product, takes smaller substances and converts into something larger

Hydrolysis reactions

Water is a reactant and is used to break down larger substances into smaller substances

Lipids CHO very few O

large non polar molecule, fats oils, butters, wax

used to store energy, make up very important biological membranes (cell membranes) and waterproof coverings, steroids

Saturated fatty acids

form single bonds between carbon atoms

at room temperature are solid

Unsaturated fatty acids

Form double bonds between carbon atoms

at room temperature are liquid

Nucleic acids CHONP

Dna and rna

store and transmit genetic information

FORMED BY NUCLEOTIDES (MONOMERS)

Nucleotides

1. 5 carbon sugar ( either Deoxribose or Ribose depending if DNA or RNA

2. Phosphate group

3. Nitrogenous base

DNA

Deoxyribose

RNA

Ribose

Protiens CHONS sometimes s

Formed by amino acids (monomers

functions of proteins 1

Hormones - enable the body to communicate and interact

factions of proteins 2

Enzymes - some function to control the rate of chemical reactions within the body

function of proteins 3

Muscels - Some form of important cellar structures

function of protiens 4

Antibodies - some substances transport in or out of the cell to help fight disease

Peptide bonding in proteins

As animo acids are linked together through covalent bonds, peptide bonds are formed

Peptide bonding 2

Each time an amino acid is added, a water molecule is released as the bond forms (dehydration synthesis)

Disacharides

double sugars

Sucrose

Condensation reactions or dehydration synthesis reaction looses water

Polysaccarides Big sugars (complex carbs )

Animals and plants

animals

Glycogen and glucogan

Glycogen

found in animals

stores excess sugar in animals

Glucogan

excess glycogen/ excess sugar

Plants

cellulose and starch

Starch

stores excess sugar for plants

Cellulose

tough sugar that gives plants strength