Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration

Autotroph

An organism that produces its own food (e.g., plants).

Heterotroph

An organism that consumes others for food (e.g., rabbits).

Photosynthesis

The process where cells capture sunlight energy to make glucose.

Chlorophyll

Green pigment in chloroplasts that captures light energy.

chlorophyll’s role in photosynthesis?

to capture light energy from the sun

Photosynthesis Equation

Sunlight + 6H2O + 6CO2 -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Photosynthesis Stage 1

Light energy splits water molecules into Hydrogen and Oxygen. O gets released as waste, while H moves to stage 2

Photosynthesis Stage 2

Hydrogen combines with CO2 from the air to produce glucose (sugar). Glucose stores chemical energy, which is merely food for the plants

reactants of photosynthesis?

sunlight, water, CO2

products of photosynthesis?

glucose, oxygen

where do reactants for photo. come from?

sunlight from sun, water from soil (ground), CO2 from air

organisms that use photosynthesis for food?

plants, algae, and some bacteria

Cellular Respiration

Process where oxygen and glucose go through complex chemical reactions inside cells, releasing energy (ATP).

Respiration Equation

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> ATP + 6H2O + 6CO2

reactants of respiration?

glucose, oxygen

products of respir.?

ATP, water, CO2

whats so interesting about photo. equation and respir. equation?

they are opposites of each other

what organisms use respir. for energy?

animals, plants, some bacteria

Stage 1 Respiration

Occurs in cytoplasm

Stage 2 Respiration

Occurs in Mitochondria

what happens in stage 1 of respiration?

in cytoplasm glucose is broken down into small molecules. oxygen is not involved, and only A SMALL amount of energy is released

what happens in stage 2 of respiration?

the small glucose molecules from stage 1 go to mitochondria. IN MITOCHONDRIA, the molecules ARE broken down even further. oxygen is needed, and LOTS of energy is released for the cell to use

in respiration, in mitochondria, what is the point of the folds inside it?

the folds provide more increased surface area, and more chemical reactions can occur on these folds. more energy will be produced

Fermentation

the release of energy from food without using oxygen

Alcoholic Fermentation

process where Yeast breaks down sugar for energy when there is no oxygen available

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Occurs in muscles during intense exercise when you use up oxygen fast. the byproduct is lactic acid, which can make muscles feel tired

how does yeast make bread rise?

yeast feeds on sugar in the dough, which produces CO2 gas and alcohol through fermentation. this gets trapped in the dough, causing dough to expand and rise

how do CR and fermentation differ?

CR requires oxygen to fully break down sugar into huge amt of energy. fermentation doesnt need oxygen and only partially down sugar into less energy

Where does the energy from photosynthesis come from?

Sun