Ch-01-Foundations-Pt-2-handout

Anatomical position

A person standing erect with face and palms forward, used as a reference for all relational descriptions.

Superior

Above in relation to another structure.

Inferior

Below in relation to another structure.

Anterior

Front, also referred to as ventral.

Posterior

Back, also referred to as dorsal.

Medial

Close to the midline of the body.

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body.

Proximal

Close to the point of attachment of a limb to the body.

Distal

Far from the point of attachment of a limb to the body.

Superficial

Structure that is close to the surface of the body.

Deep

Structure that is towards the interior of the body.

Cephalic region

Refers to the head region.

Cervical

Refers to the neck region.

Thoracic

Refers to the chest region.

Abdominal

Refers to the area of the body between the thorax and pelvis.

Pelvic

Refers to the area of the pelvis.

Pubic

Referring to the genital area.

Axillary

Referring to the armpit area.

Mammary

Referring to the breast area.

Umbilical

Referring to the navel or belly button area.

Inguinal

Referring to the groin area.

Acromial

Referring to the shoulder area.

Brachial

Referring to the arm.

Antecubital

Referring to the front of the elbow.

Olecranal

Referring to the back of the elbow.

Carpal

Referring to the wrist.

Pollex

Referring to the thumb.

Metacarpal

Referring to the bones of the hand.

Palmar

Referring to the palm of the hand.

Coxal

Referring to the hip.

Femoral

Referring to the thigh.

Patellar

Referring to the knee.

Popliteal

Referring to the back of the knee.

Crural

Referring to the leg.

Sural

Referring to the calf.

Fibular

Referring to the outer side of the leg.

Tarsal

Referring to the ankle.

Calcaneal

Referring to the heel.

Metatarsal

Referring to the bones of the foot.

Plantar

Referring to the sole of the foot.

Hallux

Referring to the big toe.

Otic

Referring to the ear.

Occipital

Referring to the back of the head.

Scapular

Referring to the shoulder blade area.

Vertebral

Referring to the spine.

Lumbar

Referring to the lower back.

Sacral

Referring to the area between the hips.

Gluteal

Referring to the buttock area.

Perineal

Referring to the area between the anus and the external genitalia.

RUQ include

R. lobe of liver, kidney, andrenal gland, and gallbladder.

Portions of: stomach, pancreas, s/l intestines.

RLQ includes

Appendix and R. ovary.

Portions: s/l intestines, urinary bladder, uterus, and rectum.

LUQ includes

L. lobe of liver, spleen, majority of stomach, L. kidney and adrenal gland.

Portions: pancreas, s/l intestines.

LLQ includes

L. ovary.

Portions: s/l intestines, urinary bladder, rectum.

Abdominopelvic regions

Divides the abdomen and pelvis into nine regions for precise localization.

Epigastric

Region between the right and left hypochondriac regions.

Umbilical region

Region between the right and left lumbar regions.

Hypogastric region

Region between the right and left iliac regions.

Sagittal plane

Divides the body into right and left parts.

Midsagittal plane

Divides the body into equal left and right halves.

Frontal (coronal) plane

A vertical plane separating the body into anterior and posterior parts.

Transverse plane

A horizontal plane separating the body into superior and inferior parts.

Dorsal body cavity

Encloses the organs of the nervous system.

Cranial cavity

Contains the brain.

Vertebral canal

Contains the spinal cord.

Ventral body cavity

Contains most internal organs (viscera).

Thoracic cavity

Space within chest wall above the diaphragm.

Pleural cavities

Contain the lungs.

Mediastinum

Space between the lungs that contains the heart.

Pericardial cavity

Contains the heart within the thoracic cavity.

Abdominopelvic cavity

Space below the diaphragm to the pelvic floor.

Serous membranes

Line cavities within the ventral body cavity and produce serous fluid.

Parietal serous membrane

Lines the walls of body cavities.

Visceral serous membrane

Covers the organs.

Pericardium

Lines the pericardial cavity around the heart.

Pleura

Lines pleural cavities around the lungs.

Peritoneum

Lines the peritoneal cavity around the abdominopelvic organs.

Pleural fluid

Serous fluid filling the pleural cavity, reduces friction.

Pericardial fluid

Serous fluid filling the pericardial cavity, reduces friction.

Peritoneal fluid

Serous fluid filling the peritoneal cavity, reduces friction.

Mesentery

Double-layer of visceral peritoneum that anchors organs to body wall.

Retroperitoneal organs

Organs located behind the peritoneal cavity.

SAD PUCKER

Mnemonic for retroperitoneal organs: Suprarenal, Aorta, Duodenum, Pancreas, Ureters, Colon, Kidneys, Esophagus, Rectum.

Serous fluid

Fluid that reduces friction between organs and body walls.