IB Physics HL Formulas

Specific Energy Units

Energy per mass

Energy Density Units

Energy per Volume

Mass Density Units

Mass per Volume

Specific Energy * Mass Density

Energy Density

S (Kinematics)

distance / displacement

U (Kinematics)

initial velocity

V (Kinematics)

final velocity

T (Kinematics)

Time

A (Kinematics)

Acceleration

F sub f (Friction)

Frictional force

µ sub s (friction)

static friction coefficient

F sub N (friction)

normal reaction force

µ sub d (friction)

dynamic friction coefficient

F sub H (Hooke's law)

restoring force

k (Hooke's law)

Spring constant

X (Hooke's law)

displacement from equilibrium

f sub d (drag force in fluids)

drag force

n (drag force in fluids)

viscosity of fluid

r (drag force in fluids)

radius of cross section

v (drag force in fluids)

Relative motion to fluid

F sub h (buoyant force)

buoyant force

p (buoyant force)

density of displaced fluid

V (buoyant force)

volume of displaced fluid

g (buoyant force)

gravitational field strength

P (definition of momentum)

momentum

M (definition of momentum)

mass

V (definition of momentum)

velocity

J (impulse)

impulse

F (impulse)

net force

∆t (impulse)

time integral

F (Newton's 2nd law)

net force

M (Newton's 2nd law)

mass

A (Newton's 2nd law)

acceleration

∆P (Newton's 2nd law)

change in momentum

∆T (Newton's 2nd law)

Time interval

A (centripetal acceleration)

acceleration

V (centripetal acceleration)

speed

R (centripetal acceleration)

radial distance

ω (Centripetal acceleration)

angular speed

T (centripetal acceleration)

period

V (relationship between tangential and angular velocity)

tangential velocity

R (relationship between tangential and angular velocity)

radial distance

T (relationship between tangential and angular velocity)

period

ω (relationship between tangential and angular velocity)

Angular velocity

W (work)

Work done by force F

F (work)

force

S (work)

displacement of point of action of force F

Ø (work)

angle between direction of F and direction of S

∆E sub p (gravitational potential energy)

change in gravitational potential energy

M (gravitational potential energy)

mass

G (gravitational potential energy)

Acceleration of free fall

∆H (gravitational potential energy)

change in height

E sub k (kinetic energy)

kinetic energy

M (kinetic energy)

Mass

v (kinetic energy)

speed

P (kinetic energy)

momentum

E sub H (Energy in Springs)

elastic potential energy stored in helical spring

K (Energy in Springs)

spring's constant

∆X (Energy in Springs)

extension or compression of the spring

P (power)

power

∆W (power)

work done / energy transferred

∆T (power)

time taken

F (power)

average force

V (power)

average speed

N (efficiency)

efficiency