Physics 2 lab final

what is a dipole

two opposite and equal charges originating from the positive charge and terminating at the negative

what are equipotential lines

lines (or surfaces) where the electric potential is constant at every point. This means that no work is required to move a charge along an equipotential line, because the potential energy of the charge doesn’t change.

ohms law

the amount of current flowing through something is directly related to the voltage pushing it and inversely related to the resistance slowing it down

series connection for resistors

linked end to end making a single pathway

parallel connection in resistors

connected across the same two points in a circuit- multiple pathways for the current

what is a DMM

digital multimeter it functions as a voltmeter, ohmmeter and ammeter

For a DMM intended to be a voltmeter how is it connected

always in parallel across the component or load whose voltage you want to measure

for a DMM as an ammeter how is it connected

always connected in series with the circuit

on the DMM where does the black probe go

COM

on the DMM where does the red probe go

mA

what is an ohmic conductor

Conductors that perfectly obey Ohms law. resistance is constant no matter the voltage or the current. Current through the conductor is linearly proportional to applied potential difference

what is a nonohmic conductor

they do not perfectly obey ohms law, resistance is not constant. this can be diodes, LEDS, transistors, incandescent light bulbs etc

what is the period of a wave

the time it takes for one complete cycle of an oscillating signal to occur

what is the time constant

the rate at which a capacitor charge is dependent on its capacitance and resistance in the circuit

what is an induced EMF

created voltage by a change in magnetic flux through a conducting loop or coil

how does the number of loop affect induced EMF

an emf is induced in each individual loop and the loops are connected in series the total emf across the entire coil is the sum of the EMF induced in each loop. Moore loops=more EMF

what law determines the direction of current with changing magnetic fields

Lenz’s law

what law is used to describe how light bends when it passes one medium to another

snells law

what is the angle of incidence

angle between incoming light and normal

what is refraction

angle between the light ray that passes through and bends into the new material

what is reflection

angle between the reflected light and normal

what is diffraction

phenomena where waves bend around obstacles or spread out as they pass through an opening

effect of wavelength of diffraction

wavelength of light determines the overall spread of the diffraction pattern. Longer wavelengths causes a more spread out diffraction pattern the bright spot will be further apart

conversion for eV to joules

1 eV= 1.602×10^-19

what is alpha radiation

fast moving nuclei of helium atoms, electronic charge of +2e and a mass four times bigger than hydrogen. it has 2 protons and 2 neutrons

what is beta radiation

composed of fast moving electrons or positron. positrons are anti matter equivalents of electrons

what is gamma radiation

formed from energetic bundles of light called photons, has no charge and is an electromagnetic radiation of very short wavelengths

what radiation is the most penetrating and why

gamma radiation because off its neutral charge and short wavelength

what are the reading counts with a geiger counter

reading counts refer to the number of decay events that the detector registers within a time interval usually 1 minute

what is the energy of a photon

by plancks law the energy of a photon is E=hf which connects wavelengths to the equation because wavelength and frequency are inversely related thru the speed of light

what is a transformer

two coils usually linked thru an iron core running through the both of them. primary coil produces the magnetic field and is transmitted to the secondary coil through a temporarily magnetized iron core

what constitutes a step up transformer

when ns is greater than np

what are the two types of lenses

converging and diverging

what does malus law describe

describes what happens when the polarized light passes through a second polarizing filter

Regarding the Oscilloscope and based on the information provided in the laboratory manual.  What axis measures the voltage strength, the X-axis or the Y-axis?

y axis

An Oscilloscope is set in the 2Volt per division scale.  The signal measures three whole divisions.  What is the value of voltage?

6

A converging lens has focal length equal to 10cm and the object is 30cm away in front of the lens.  Calculate the position of the image.

15

The photon energy is 5eV, the work function is 2eV.  What is the kinetic energy of the electrons?

3

If the AC waveform on the oscilloscope does not displace an equal amount above and below the zero line, you should

"check the zero-line setting on the oscilloscope" by grounding the channel, centering the trace, and then switching back to AC input

If a square wave signal "does not look like a square wave" on the oscilloscope, you should?

switch the oscilloscope to the DC input mode"