organizational culture

Observable Artifacts

Visible, tangible elements of culture, such as dress codes and office layout.

Basic Underlying Assumptions

Deep-seated, taken-for-granted beliefs that shape an organization's culture.

Espoused Values

Stated values and goals expressed by an organization, like 'We value diversity'.

Anticipatory Socialization

Phase before joining an organization when individuals gather information about it.

Encounter

Phase of learning the realities of the organization after joining.

Change and Acquisition

Phase where new employees master tasks and integrate with the team.

Clan Culture

A collaborative, family-like organizational environment.

Adhocracy Culture

An innovation-focused organizational culture.

Market Culture

A results-driven organizational culture prioritizing customer satisfaction.

Hierarchy Culture

An organizational culture that is structured and stability-oriented.

Job Analysis

The process of gathering detailed information about a job.

Job Description

Lists tasks, duties, and responsibilities (TDRs) of a job.

Job Specification

Lists the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics (KSAOs) needed for a job.

Conflict

Arises when one party perceives that their interests are being opposed.

Functional Conflict

Constructive conflict that promotes problem-solving.

Dysfunctional Conflict

Destructive conflict that hinders performance or relationships.

Optimal Level of Conflict

Encourages creativity and better decision-making while avoiding complacency and chaos.

Negotiation

A process where parties decide how to allocate resources or resolve conflicts.

BATNA (Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement)

Your backup plan if the negotiation fails.

Target Point

Your ideal outcome in a negotiation.

Reservation Point

The minimum or maximum you are willing to accept in a negotiation.

Bargaining Zone

The overlap between what the buyer is willing to pay and the seller is willing to accept.

Negotiation Strategies

Tactics like focusing on interests, improving your BATNA, and being prepared.