Chemistry test 2

Electromagnetic Radiation

Form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space.

Wavelength ( λ)

The distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves.

Frequency (𝜈)

The number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time, usually one second.

Pauli Exclusion Principle

No two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.

Heisenburg’s Uncertainty Principle

It is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and velocity of an electron or any other particle.

Quantum Theory

Describes mathematically the wave properties of electrons and other very small particles.

Bohr Model

Electrons orbit around the nucleus in energy levels/shells.

Hund’s Rule

Orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any orbital is occupied by a second electron.

Aufau Principle

An electron occupies the lowest-energy orbital that can receive it.

Orbit vs Orbital

An orbit is the circular path of one thing around another, while an orbital is an area of high probability for the electron to be.

Schrodinger’s Wave Equation

Equation allowing us to talk about the probable location of an electron with four variables (n, l, m, s).

Constructive Interference

Interference that increases energy.

Destructive Interference

Interference that decreases energy.

Electromagnetic Spectrum

All forms of Electromagnetic Radiation come together to form.

Max Planck

Said energy was spread across the spectrum in little bits called quanta.

James Clerk Maxwell

Discovered that light was not a mechanical wave but an electromagnetic wave.

Christian Hyenes

Believed in the wave model of light.

Ivan Al-Haytham

First true scientist to study light through actual experiments.

William Herschel

Discovered 'invisible light' by noticing the hot temperature past the color red.

Quantum Numbers

Specify the properties of atomic orbitals and the properties of electrons in orbitals.

Visible Light

A form of Electromagnetic Radiation.

P Orbital

Shape of the orbital that has 2 lobes.

S Orbital

Shape of the orbital that has 1 lobe.

F Orbital

Shape of the orbital that has 8 lobes.

D Orbital

Shape of the orbital that has 4 lobes.

Noble-Gas Configuration

Refers to an outer main energy level occupied by eight electrons.

Electron Configuration

The arrangement of electrons in an atom.

Chromium Exception

Electron configuration exception for chromium.

Copper Exception

Electron configuration exception for copper.

Johann Ritter

Discovered higher energy past purple.