Psychology test 3

0.0(0)
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Get a hint
Hint

Short term memory can hold how many #s?

Get a hint
Hint

Short-term memory can hold about 7 ± 2 items (often called "the magic number 7")

Get a hint
Hint

According to Loftus, what can influence responses?

Get a hint
Hint

Responses can be influenced by leading questions or suggestive information introduced after an event, which may alter a person’s memory.

Card Sorting

1/56

Anonymous user
Anonymous user
encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

57 Terms

1
New cards

Short term memory can hold how many #s?

Short-term memory can hold about 7 ± 2 items (often called "the magic number 7")

2
New cards

According to Loftus, what can influence responses?

Responses can be influenced by leading questions or suggestive information introduced after an event, which may alter a person’s memory.

3
New cards

Misinformation effect

A phenomenon where a person's memory becomes less accurate because of post-event information that is misleading or incorrect.

4
New cards

Henry Molaison - story

surgery

5
New cards

Declarative memory

Memory of facts and events that can be consciously recalled, such as names, dates, and general knowledge (also known as explicit memory).

6
New cards

Procedural memory

Memory of skills and procedures, such as riding a bike or typing, which does not require conscious recall (also known as implicit memory).

7
New cards

Short term vs long term memory

Short-term memory holds a limited amount of information for a brief period, while long-term memory stores information for longer durations and can hold vast amounts of information.

8
New cards

Main stores of memory

The three main stores are sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

9
New cards

Loftus research on false memories (childhood, eyewitness, etc)

Loftus showed that people can form false memories of events through suggestion, especially in childhood memories and eyewitness testimony.

10
New cards

Ebbinghaus forgetting curve

A graph that shows how information is lost over time when there is no attempt to retain it, with the most rapid forgetting occurring soon after learning.

11
New cards

Sensory memory

The brief storage of information from the senses (e.g., sights, sounds) for a very short period before it is transferred to short-term memory or discarded.

12
New cards

Encoding

The process of transforming sensory input into a form that can be stored in memory, such as translating visual information into meaningful concepts.

13
New cards

Attention

The cognitive process of selectively focusing on specific stimuli or information while ignoring others

14
New cards

Prototypes

The best or most typical example of a concept, used to categorize new information (e.g., a robin is a prototype for the concept of "bird").

15
New cards

Algorithmic vs heuristic problem solving

Algorithms are step-by-step procedures guaranteed to solve a problem, while heuristics are shortcuts or rules of thumb that simplify problem solving but are not always accurate.

16
New cards

Availability Heuristic phenomenon

A mental shortcut where people judge the likelihood of events based on how easily examples come to mind, which can lead to biased decisions.

17
New cards

Syntax (definition)

The set of rules that governs the structure of sentences in a language, including word order and sentence structure

18
New cards

Cognitive revolution

A shift in psychology during the mid-20th century that emphasized the study of mental processes, like memory, perception, and problem-solving, instead of just observable behavior.

19
New cards

Fluid vs crystallized intelligence

Fluid intelligence is the ability to think abstractly and solve new problems, while crystallized intelligence is the accumulation of knowledge and skills over time.

20
New cards

Savant (definition)

A person with extraordinary abilities in a specific area, such as math or music, often coupled with developmental disabilities.

21
New cards

3 things an IQ test must be

An IQ test must be valid, reliable, and standardized.

22
New cards

What makes a test valid?

A test is valid if it measures what it is supposed to measure.

23
New cards

What makes a test have high reliability? Low?

A test is reliable if it produces consistent results over time.

24
New cards

Morphemes

The smallest units of meaning in a language, such as prefixes, suffixes, or root words.

25
New cards

Early approaches to personality

Early theories linked personality to bodily fluids (like blood and bile) and body shapes (e.g., endomorphs as relaxed, ectomorphs as reserved).

26
New cards

Big 5 theory most important traits

The Big Five traits are Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism, often summarized as "OCEAN."

27
New cards

Freud psychosexual stages and fixations with each

Oral Stage: Fixation may lead to habits like smoking or overeating.

28
New cards

Anal Stage: Fixation may lead to obsessiveness or messiness.

29
New cards

Phallic Stage: Fixation could cause vanity or recklessness.

30
New cards

Latency Stage: Focus on social skills, no specific fixation.

31
New cards

Genital Stage: Maturity and well-balanced relationships.

32
New cards
33
New cards

What do behaviorists say about personality

Behaviorists believe personality is shaped by environment and learned behavior, without a focus on innate traits or internal thoughts.

34
New cards

External vs Internal Locus of control

Internal: Belief that one controls their own destiny.

35
New cards

External: Belief that outside forces, like luck or fate, control outcomes.

36
New cards
37
New cards

Maslow’s Heirarchy of needs

Physiological: Basic needs like food and water.

38
New cards

Safety: Security and stability.

39
New cards

Love

Belonging: Relationships and social connections.

40
New cards

Esteem: Respect and self-confidence.

41
New cards

Self-Actualization: Fulfilling one’s potential.

42
New cards
43
New cards

3 elements of healthy environment according to Rogers

Genuineness, Acceptance, and Empathy are key for a supportive environment according to Carl Rogers.

44
New cards

ID, Ego, Superego

ID: Unconscious drives and desires.

45
New cards

Ego: Rational self that mediates between ID and Superego.

46
New cards

Superego: Moral conscience and ideals.

47
New cards
48
New cards

What is Spatial Intelligence? Example?

The ability to visualize and manipulate objects in space; for example, architects or chess players often have high spatial intelligence.

49
New cards

Introverts Frontal lobe activity (high) vs Extroverts (lower)

Introverts typically have higher frontal lobe activity, while extroverts have lower activity in this area, relating to arousal levels.

50
New cards

95% of IQ scores fall here (2 standard deviations from the mean, +-) p. 249

About 95% of IQ scores fall within two standard deviations from the mean (approximately 70 to 130).

51
New cards

Extrinsic vs Intrinsic Motivation

Extrinsic: Motivation driven by external rewards, like money or praise.

52
New cards

Intrinsic: Motivation driven by personal satisfaction or enjoyment.

53
New cards
54
New cards

General Definition of Intelligence *Be able to WRITE IN FULL p. 235

Intelligence is the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and adapt to new situations

55
New cards
56
New cards

BONUS: How does Jesus fulfill all the levels of Maslow’s Heirarchy of Needs in our lives? You MUST have at least one scripture to back up your answer for credit

Jesus meets physiological needs ("I am the bread of life" - John 6:35), safety ("The Lord is my shepherd" - Psalm 23:1), love ("Greater love has no one than this..." - John 15:13), esteem ("We are God’s handiwork" - Ephesians 2:10), and self-actualization through spiritual fulfillment ("I came that they may have life" - John 10:10).

57
New cards