AP HUG Unit 5 Agriculture Vocabulary

AP Human Geography Unit 5 Agriculture Vocabulary

Von Thünen Model

Suggested a pattern for types of products farmers would produce at different positions relative to the market where goods were sold.

Subsistence Farming

The production of food primarily for consumption by the farmer’s family.

Commercial Farming

The production of cash crops primarily for sale off the farm.

Aquaculture

The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions.

Green Revolution (Third Agricultural Revolution)

Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers.

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

A living organism that possesses a new combination of genetic material obtained through the use of modern biotechnology.

Extensive Farming

Agricultural that requires a large amount of land and fewer inputs of labor and/or capital.

Intensive Farming

Agriculture that requires large quantities of inputs such as labor and capital.

Second Agricultural Revolution

An increase in agricultural productivity through improvement of crop rotation and breeding of livestock, beginning in the United Kingdom in the seventeenth century.

Shifting Cultivation

A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.

Columbian Exchange

The transfer of plants and animals, as well as people, culture, and technology, between the Western Hemisphere and Europe, as a result of European colonialization and trade.

Agribusiness

Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.

Bid-rent Theory

The value of land is influenced by its relationship to the market.

Commodity Chains

Complex network that connects places of production with distribution to consumers.

Pastoral Nomadism

A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.

Community-supported agriculture (CSA)

A system in which a farm operation is supported by shareholders within the community who share both the benefits and risks of food production

Economies of Scale

Large scale farming is cost effective due to lower bulk prices for farming supplies and technology.

Food Deserts

An area that has a substantial amount of low-income residents and has poor access to a grocery store.

Value-added specialty crops

Have some other product in them or item attached to them to make them unique and able to sell at higher price

Sustainability

The use of Earth’s renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in ways that do not constrain resource use in the future.

Agriculture

The deliberate modification of Earth’s surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain.