September (august in the pdf)

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) extended a formal invitation to the Indian

Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to join its Moon Base programme during the____meeting of the

India-United States Civil Space Joint Working Group (CSJWG

ninth

The Moon Base programme, unveiled on 24 March 2026 at NASA's ___ event,

Ignition

Artemis Accords, the non-binding framework of principles for civil space

exploration that India signed in June 2023 as the ___th country and which had grown to 70 signatories

as of 17 July 2026.

27

NASA Administrator _____-stated at the event that the

agency was committed to returning to the Moon before the end of

President Trump's term

Jared Isaacman

The declared cost of the project exceeds___ billion, with NASA describing the outlay as approximately $20

billion spread over seven years and delivered through dozens of missions.

$20

nasa- The two sides reviewed the successful______, launched on

30 July 2025, and examined possibilities for further collaboration arising from i

NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) mission

Both delegations reaffirmed their commitment to the guidelines of the United Nations Committee on the

_______ on the long-term sustainability of outer space activitie

Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS)

The Artemis Accords were established in ___ by NASA, the United States Department of State and seven

initial signatories

2020

Artemis III has been reconfigured as a crewed demonstration mission in

low Earth orbit (LEO) planned for

2027

Artemis IV in

2028.

two Indian astronauts trained in the United States for the +++________mission to the International Space Station (ISS

Axiom-

4

Chandrayaan-3, India's third lunar mission and its second attempt at a soft landing, lifted off from the

Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in Sriharikota

The invitation opens further exposure in lunar studies for ISRO as it prepares ______ the lunar

sample return mission approved by the Union Cabinet and targeted for 2028, which is designed to

collect lunar samples and bring them back to Earth.

Chandrayaan-4,

Under _______, India plans an operational Bharatiya Antariksh Station, with its first module

scheduled for launch in 2028

Space Vision 2047

________ missions place spacecraft in lunar orbit for prolonged study of the surface and atmosphere, a

category that includes Chandrayaan-1 and 46 other missions.

Orbiter

______missions extend orbiter missions by making an uncontrolled landing that returns data before the

instrument is destroyed, the approach followed by the Moon Impact Probe (MIP) of Chandrayaan-1.

impact

Lander missions attempt a soft landing for close-quarter observation, the first successful instance being

______ of the USSR in 1966

Luna 9

Human missions land astronauts on the surface, and only NASA has accomplished this, with ___- successful

landings between 1969 and 1972

six

______s the first satellite mission to carry dual-frequency radar from a single platform, with polarimetric

and interferometric microwave imaging capability, and it has a mission life of five years.

NISAR i

The_________ contributed by NASA penetrates forest canopy, ice and soil

and supports biomass and deformation studies,

L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)

NISAR- The mission was launched by the_______

specifically the GSLV-F16 variant, an expendable three-stage vehicle, and it marked the first occasion

on which ISRO used a GSLV to place a satellite in sun-synchronous polar orbi

Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark II (GSLV Mk II),

NISAR delivers high-resolution data every __ days to track ground deformation from earthquakes,

landslides and volcanic activity,

12

Russia's state space corporation

Roscosmos

Russia's state space corporation Roscosmos and the China National Space Administration (CNSA) are

planning the

International Lunar Research Station (ILRS),

China plans to land humans on the Moon by ____ an

2030

the_______ dialogue after the 1998 nuclear tests served as a platform to manage differences.

Jaswant Singh-

Strobe Talbott

________- assumed charge as Secretary, Department of Space,

Chairman of the Space Commission and Chairman of ISRO on 13 January

2025

Dr. V. Narayanan

________ is the marketing arm of ISRO for the

promotion and commercial exploitation of space products, technical

consultancy services and the transfer of technologies developed by the

organisation.

Antrix Corporation Limited (ACL)

_______ was conducted during 1975-76 and described as the

largest sociological experiment in the world,

Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE)

_______ is the incumbent Administrator of NASA,

having taken office in December 2025 as the fifteenth holder

of the post.

Jared Isaacman

Explorer 1 in late

January 1958, a 30-pound spacecraft that discovered the

Van

Allen radiation belt

__________- signed the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement (MJDA) at Al-Safa

Palace in Makkah on 7 August 2026

Saudi Arabia, Türkiye and Pakistan

Makkah- he agreement builds on the _________ concluded between Saudi

Arabia and Pakistan in September 2025, w

Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement (SMDA)

The collective defence clause creates a mutual commitment whose principle resembles Article 5 of the

Washington Treaty

The 2026 ________ which ranks 145 countries by scoring land, air and sea war-making

potential using manpower, equipment, natural resources, finances and geography, supplies the

comparative figures for the three signatories.

Global Firepower Index,

NATO-it now has____member

32

_______countries,

established in 1997 as successor to the North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC) of 1991

Partnership for Peace (PfP)

According to the 2026 Global Firepower figures cited in the notes, the three signatories together

have abou______ active military personnel.

1.4 million

The three states together spend approximately ___ billion annually on defence, with Saudi

Arabia accounting for the largest share.

$124.4

The _________ 1950 created an

earlier pan-Arab collective-security framework with a mutual-defence claus

Treaty of Joint Defense and Economic Cooperation of the Arab League,

The _______ originally included Iraq, Türkiye, Pakistan, Iran and the United Kingdom

and was later renamed CENTO after Iraq's withdrawal

Baghdad Pact of 1955

The_________ and was notably

deployed in Bahrain in 2011.

Peninsula Shield Force was created by the Gulf Cooperation Council in 1984

The_______, formed in 2015 and led by Saudi Arabia, includes

more than 40 countries.

Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition

The ____ National Handloom Day was observed on 7 August 2026

12th

Swadeshi Movement launched on 7 August 1905 at

Calcutta

Town Hall

Union Minister of Textiles

Giriraj Singh,

Development Commissioner

(Handlooms)

Dr. M. Beena,

_____ awards for the year 2025 were conferred

22

India has conducted____handloom censuses

four

Workers enumerated through the handloom Census have been issued ,

Pehchan and e-Pehchan cards

By July 2026, around_____additional workers had been approved for e-Pehchan cards.

84,000

The x___________ supports small handloom clusters with funding of up to ₹2

crore each to meet specific development needs covering improved looms, lighting, worksheds, design, product

development and marketin

Small Cluster Development Programme (SCDP)

Under the Mega Cluster Development Programme, each mega handloom cluster covers at least 10,000

handlooms and can receive central assistance of up to ___ crore over five years

₹30

_________-provides weavers and handloom organisations with direct selling

platforms and supports domestic and export promotion, the setting up of Urban Haats and marketing

incentives.

Handloom Marketing Assistance (HMA)

Under the ______ handloom-sector loans are provided at a concessional interest rate of 6

per cent for three years, supported by government interest subvention of up to 7 per

Weaver MUDRA Scheme,

________- launched on the first National Handloom Day on 7 August 2015, certifies niche

handloom products of natural fibre for authentic traditional design, assured fast colours, skin-friendly dyes,

social compliance, zero defects and zero environmental impact

India Handloom Brand,

_____ of Uttar Pradesh is known for its silk fabric, intricate zari work and bridal sarees

Banarasi silk

The first National Handloom Day was observed on 7 August 2015 in _____ on the initiative of

Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

Chennai

Union Minister of State for Law and Justice_____introduced the Bill in the Lok

Sabha on 20 July 2026 during the Monsoon Session, the Lok Sabha passed it on 3 August 2026,

Arjun Ram Meghwal

The Act amends Section ___- of the Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Act, 1956, substituting the figure of

thirty-three puisne judges with thirty-seven

2

The estimated recurring expenditure on the salaries of four judges and their staff, conveyance and other

miscellaneous expenses is______- per annum.

₹10,56,81,648

he High Courts, where the President may increase the number of judges under Article ______ by

executive order on the basis of workload

216

Article ____ of the Constitution deals with Money Bills, and a Bill is a Money Bill if, in the opinion of the

Speaker of the Lok Sabha, it deals only with taxation

110

Article________ further provides that any matter incidental to the subjects specified in Articles 110(1)(a) to (f)

may also form part of a Money Bill, and this clause has been the basis on which the Union government has

passed several major laws through this route in its earlier terms.

110(1)(g)

The ________ established the Supreme Court of Judicature at Calcutta as a court of record

with full power and authority

Regulating Act of 1773

Supreme Courts at Madras and Bombay were established by King _____ in 1800 and 1823

respectively

George III

The Constitution provides for the Supreme Court under Part ___ dealing with the Union and Chapter 6

dealing with the Union Judiciary, and Articles

V

High Courts remained the highest courts for all cases until the creation of the Federal Court of India under

the ___________-

Government of India Act 1935.

The law declared by the Supreme Court is binding on all courts within the territory of India under Article

141

Article ____ confers the power to punish for contempt

129

Article ____ empowers the Court to review its own

judgments,

137

Article ____ makes its orders and decrees enforceable throughout India,

142

Article_____

establishes it as the ultimate interpreter of the Constitution.

147

Original jurisdiction under Article ___ covers disputes between the Government of India and the States,

while Article 32 provides for constitutional remedies.

131

Article ____ of the Constitution of India allows Parliament to pass laws giving the Supreme Court the

power to issue orders or writs

139

Glaw Lake in ______- has been designated as India's 101st Ramsar Site

Arunachal Pradesh

The lake is a freshwater body located within the ______- and Wildlife Sanctuary in

the Lohit district of Arunachal Pradesh,

Kamlang Tiger Reserve

The Ramsar Convention, officially known as the Convention on Wetlands, is an

intergovernmental treaty adopted at Ramsar in Iran on

2 February 1971

Convention entered into force for India on ______ when the

country became a Contracting Party

1 February 1982,

he Ramsar List is the world's largest network of protected areas, with over 2,500 Ramsar Sites on the

territories of ___Contracting Parties,

172

The world's first Ramsar Site was the _______ in Australia, designated in 1974.

Cobourg Peninsula

e largest Ramsar Site is ______ in Brazil at about 120,000 square kilometre

Rio Negro

______ has the highest number of Ramsar Sites in the country at 20,

tamil Nadu

_____ was launched by the MoEFCC in 2022 to enable a society ownership approach to

participatory conservation and wise use of wetlands, working on the pillars of communication, education,

participation and awareness

Mission Sahbhagita

Save Wetlands Campaign was launched under it at ______ on 4 February

2023 to make wetland protection a people's movement.

Goa

________ initiative, announced in the Union Budget 2023-24 and launched in June 2023, aims

at optimising wetland utilisation over three years by enhancing biodiversity, increasing carbon stock,

boosting eco-tourism and generating income for local communities.

Amrit Dharohar

The National Wetland Decadal Change Atlas, launched by the Space Applications Centre at ________

depicts changes in the wetlands of the country over the recent decade

Ahmedabad,

Wetland conservation is integrated with river basin management through the _____ programme,

Namami Gange

_____ per cent of the world's population, or about 645 million

people, faced hunger in 2025

7.8

_____ surpassed Asia for the first time as the region with the largest absolute number of people facing

hunger,

Africa

_____s the flagship annual assessment of global hunger,

food insecurity and malnutrition of the United Nations

system

SOFI

Around ____- per cent of the world's

undernourished population is projected to

live in Africa by 2030.

56

Moderate or severe food insecurity affected 2.1 billion people, or ____ per cent of the global population, in

2025,

25.8

Only _____ per cent of children aged 6 to 23 months achieved MDD-C,

30.8

___ per cent of women aged 15 to 49 years achieved MDD-W

62.7

_____ per cent of the world's population, could not afford a healthy diet

r 32.7

Undernourishment in India fell to 142.5 million people, or ___ per cent of the population,

9.8

cost of a healthy diet in India reached____ PPP dollars per person per day

4.11