ITE 152: Exam 3

In the ACID model, the A stands for Atomic, which means that ______.

once a transaction is started, it is either completed or the database is reverted back to its previous state

Juanita uses a foreign key to ______.

establish a relationship between two tables

SQL stands for ______ Query Language.

Structured

T/F: Veracity and Value are two additional characteristics of Big Data beyond the three Vs.

true

Kaya follows the BASE model for her nonrelational database. She uses the Basically Available principle to ______.

spread copies of new data across multiple hosts so that if one fails, other hosts have the data

T/F: The benefit of a data lake is that it allows for more diverse data formats.

true

In the ACID model, the C stands for Consistent, which means that ______.

no processed transactions can change the database's design in a way that impacts its integrity

T/F: Databases can handle vastly more data than spreadsheets.

true

You can filter a database table in order to ______.

hide some records while you work with selected records

Devan is a database manager. They use the format check to ensure that ______.

data is properly formatted in a field

In a database, a relationship is an association that shows ______.

how data in one table relates to data in another table

One benefit of cloud-based database services is latency, which means that ______.

the delay between when a request is made and the response is received is shortened

The BASE model is used to ensure that ______.

data is available even during a failure

A data warehouse is designed primarily for ______.

analyzing data

T/F: Jenny relies on data validation to ensure that only authorized users can enter and manipulate data in her database.

False

Big Data often is identified by the three Vs ______.

variety

velocity

volume

T/F: NoSQL databases resolve many of the weaknesses of relational databases.

true

A primary key is a/n ______.

unique identifier for each record

Examples of an RDBMS include ______

Oracle Database

MySQL

Microsoft Access

Examples of cloud-based web services that might be used for database storage include ______

AWS

Microsoft Azure

Bei uses a query in her database in order to ______.

extract data based on specified criteria

A database back end contains ______.

-some aspects of the DBMS

-the database itself

-the host server

Devan is a database manager. They use the presence check to ensure that ______.

the field is not left blank

T/F: Interacting with a database's front-end requires technical skills and an understanding of the database's structure.

false

T/F: All data in a database should be encrypted.

false

T/F: Typically, a table is sorted by its primary key.

true

In the CIA triad, the "A" stands for ______.

availability

T/F: A non-relational database can be stored among several servers.

true

Tushar relies on nonrelational databases because they offer high availability, which means that ______.

even during some types of hardware and software failure, users can still access the database

Anya uses BI tools to ______.

analyze data to answer sophisticated business questions

T/F: Cloud database services typically have faster access speeds to customers around the world.

true

Each user should be given the minimum access to a database required to do their jobs according to the principle of ______.

least privilege

With a serverless cloud database service, the customer ______.

only pays for the resources they use and the time they spend interacting with the data

T/F: Both spreadsheets and databases can be used to show relationships between data.

false

Asher uses Amazon's Aurora, a DBaaS, which means that the database ______.

runs on servers owned by a cloud provider, and is accessed using a web browser

A DBA ______.

works with the back-end components

T/F: The CIA triad is a security model for databases.

true

Juanita uses a one-to-one relationship to create a relationship between two tables ______.

in which each record in one table matches at most one record in the other table

Kaya follows the BASE model for her nonrelational database. She uses the Soft State principle to ______.

take time to copy data to other hosts, during which time the hosts have different versions of data available

A script kiddie is an attacker who ______.

downloads automated attack software to perform attacks

(Script kiddies lack the knowledge or computers and networks to attack computers, so they download automatic software (scripts) from websites and use them to perform attack acts.)

T/F: Most security experts recommend that a secure password be a minimum of 20 characters in length.

true

T/F: A hacktivist is an attacker who targets businesses or government agencies with which they disagree.

true

T/F: Technology addiction occurs when a user cannot walk away from their device without feeling extreme anxiety.

true

Avilla is a victim of a keylogger attack. Which of the following might have occurred?

Her password was stolen after a program captured her entering it in.

(A keylogger captures a user's keystrokes and may also capture screen images and other information without the user's knowledge.)

When a person's face is used for authentication, the software creates a numerical code based on facial landmarks called ______.

nodal points

(Every person's face has several distinguishable landmarks called nodal points. Facial recognition software measures nodal points and creates a numerical code, called a faceprint.)

T/F: It is estimated that about 40 million tons of e-waste are generated each year worldwide.

true

Examples of social engineering attacks include ______. Select all that apply.

phishing

typo squatting

A broker sells ______.

knowledge of hardware or software vulnerabilities

(Brokers uncover vulnerabilities, and sell their knowledge of a hardware or software vulnerability to other attackers or even governments.)

T/F: Many websites consider cyberbullying to be free speech and will not censor it.

true

(Cyberbullying, once it begins, is difficult to control because it is done online and many websites consider it free speech that should not be censored.)

T/F: Antivirus software is a more complete security solution than antimalware software.

false

(Antivirus software was an early antimalware software security application, which scans for viruses. In addition to AV protection, modern antimalware software includes intrusion protection, reputation protection, and behavioral protection.)

Your data trail is a/n ______.

record of your technology activity

(Every time you use technology you leave behind a data trail, which is a digital record of your activity.)

Avilla is a victim of a ransomware attack. Which of the following might have occurred?

Her computer was locked and will not function until she pays a fee.

(Ransomware is a type of malware that prevents a user's device from properly and fully functioning until the users pays a fee. For instance, a ransomware could lock a spreadsheet with financial data or a document of a research paper.)

Attackers whose targets are national networks or computer infrastructures are called ______.

cyberterrorists

T/F: The use of passwords is considered strong protection.

false

(Passwords provide only weak protection not due to technology, but human memory. The best passwords are long and complex, but difficult to memorize and recall. Users must remember different passwords for devices and accounts.)

Password managers store all of your strong passwords in a single user file called a/n ______.

vault

(A password manager is a program or secure website in which you can create and store all your strong passwords in a single user "vault" file that is protected by one strong master password.)

When an electronic device reaches the end of its useful life, it is estimated that the percentage of devices that are recycled is ______.

12%

T/F: Files backed up through online services can be made available to another computer.

true

(Universal access is one of the features of cloud-based backup services, which means that files can be made available to another computer.)

Frances was a victim of a typo squatting attack, which occurred when they entered personal information after they ______.

misspelled the web address of their bank, and instead were directed to a fraudulent website

(Social networking is a category of cyberattack that attempts to trick the victim into giving valuable information. Typo squatting is registering a fake look-alike website that users who enter a misspelled URL are directed to.)

Antimalware software often includes behavioral protection, which ______.

monitors installed apps for suspicious activity

(Behavioral protection monitors applications for suspicious behavior and automatically blocks the software if necessary.)

Antimalware software often includes intrusion protection, which ______.

prevents threats from entering a computer from a network

T/F: The term malware combines two words, malfeasance and software.

false

T/F: The average app does not have any trackers that allow third parties to collect data from your interactions.

false

(Merchants collect digital data using tracking features, embedded in virtually every app on your smartphone. The average app has six trackers that third parties use to collect data from your interaction with the app along with exactly where you are located throughout the day.)

The SEM initiative stands for ______ Electronics Management

Sustainable

(The Sustainable Electronics Management (SEM) initiative promotes the reduction of e-waste.)

A computer Trojan is malware that ______.

pretends to be a program performing a normal activity

T/F: In a social engineering attack, the attacker presents themselves as someone who can be trusted.

true

T/F: Proper posture when sitting at a computer means that your feet should be flat on the floor.

True

Identity theft is a crime in which ______.

personal information is used to commit financial fraud

T/F: One reason it is so difficult to prevent cybersecurity is that some attack tools can attack without human help.

true

State actors are employed by governments to ______.

launch attacks against the government's foes

T/F: A computer virus is designed to copy itself into other programs.

true

Antimalware software often includes reputation protection, which ______.

classifies apps as risky or safe based on their attributes

(Using information gathered from a global network, reputation protection classifies app files as dangerous, risky, or safe based on their attributes.)

Conor is deciding how to backup his data. He decides to choose the most comprehensive backup solution, which is ______.

continuous cloud

To verify that a web address that is asking for sensitive information is secure, verify that it starts with ______.

https

Proper posture when sitting at a computer includes setting your arms ______.

parallel to the floor

(Your elbows should be about 90 degrees and your arms and hands should be approximately parallel to the floor.)

Frances was a victim of a phishing attack, which occurred when they entered personal information after they ______.

received an email that looked like it came from their bank with a link to update their password

Marleigh received a patch from Apple macOS. The patch is intended to ______.

fix a vulnerability in the program

(A patch is a software fix for a vulnerability found in a program. Most major software companies create a patch and either make it available on their website to download or push the patch out to your computer.)

Examples of biometrics include ______. Select all that apply.

eye

fingerprint

(Biometrics is the unique characteristics of a body part for authentication, including fingerprints, face, and eye.)

T/F: The most secure shredder is a micro-shredder device.

true

(You should shred financial documents and other paperwork that contains personal information before discarding it. The most secure type of shredder is a micro-cut shredder device that will shred documents into tiny pieces.)

Kelvin makes sure he follows ergonomics, which means that he is ______.

specifying the design and arrangement of items so he can work efficiently and safely

(Ergonomics is an applied science that specifies the design and arrangement of items that you use so that you and the items interact efficiently and safely, including determining the correct posture and techniques for working at a computer.)

T/F: Today, hacker is the formal term used to describe an individual responsible for cyberattacks.

false

T/F: Dark characters on a light background will produce a minimal amount of screen glare.

false

(Light colors on a dark background will produce a minimal amount of screen glare, while dark colors on a light background can actually increase screen glare.)

Dawood has an RSI, which is a/n _____.

injury associated with repeated usage of devices

To alert a personal assistant on a smart speaker to record and interpret what you say, use a/n _______.

wake word

(Smartphone apps and the personal assistants on smart speakers (Alexa on an Echo device, for example) listen for a wake word, a word or phrase that alerts the app to record and interpret what you say next.)

T/F: A defining characteristic of AI is that it improves over time.

True

T/F: A high percentage of chatbots are designed to support employees and management rather than customers.

true

(AI-powered chatbots can provide 24-hour support. Intelligent chatbots can answer questions or provide problem-solving support. A high percentage of chatbots are designed to support employees and management rather than customers.)

To pass the Turing Test, an AI system must _______.

trick a human evaluator for at least five minutes

T/F: When you generate content using AI, you own the copyright of the content.

false

(Concerns surrounding copyright and ownership of content generated by AI tools exist. Some companies are developing guidelines about AI usage as they present risks related to copyright, cybersecurity, and protection of proprietary information.)

When AI hallucinates, it ______.

generates text that is not true

Distributed computing is a way to design a system so that ______.

various components run on multiple computers but work together as a single system

The NIST has identified the essential characteristics of cloud technology, including ______. Select all that apply.

1. on-demand self-service

2. resource pooling

Sarita runs an e-commerce company. She uses a USP to ______.

emphasize how the company and its products are better than the competition

T/F: Chatbots are an example of AI technology.

true

Kelley relies on AI to help with data analytics by _______.

managing data to detect patterns

T/F: A benefit of distributed computing is that it places data and computer processes closer to the users who need them.

true

T/F: Smart devices are considered "smart" because they can make decisions without human intervention.

true

T/F: AR is a type of VR that uses an image of an actual place or thing and adds digital information to it.

true

Which of the following involves the sale of goods and services to the general public?

B2C

T/F: Cloud computing refers to providing and using technology tools via the Internet.

true

(The term cloud often is used to refer to services and resources accessed over a network. At a very basic level, cloud computing refers to providing and using technology tools, such as software or storage, via the Internet.)

T/F: Application and web developers are one of the growth areas in employment due to e-commerce.

true

(Application and web developers are also seeing dramatic job growth in the e-commerce sector, developing both customer-facing and internal solutions that support e-commerce business processes.)

T/F: In RaaS, the "R" stands for "Resources."

false

(Cloud services often are referred to by the phase "as a service." Hackers have jumped on the -aas bandwagon and offer Ransomware as a Service (RaaS).)