Untitled Flashcards Set

Globalization

The process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide.

Multinational Corporations (MNCs)

Companies that operate in multiple countries beyond their home country.

International Government Organizations (IGOs)

Organizations composed of member states that work together on issues of common interest.

Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

Non-profit organizations that operate independently of any government, often focused on social, political, or environmental goals.

Supranational Organizations

Entities formed by multiple countries agreeing to cooperate in a specific area, often with authority over member states.

Neoliberalism

An economic and political approach that emphasizes free markets, privatization, and minimal government intervention in the economy.

Structural Adjustment Programs (SAP)

Economic policies imposed on developing countries by international financial institutions to promote economic stability and growth.

Import substitution Industrialization (ISI)

An economic policy aimed at reducing foreign dependency by producing goods domestically.

Export Oriented Industrialization (EOI)

An economic strategy aimed at encouraging exports and promoting industrialization in a country by targeting foreign markets.

Mexico

A country in North America known for its rich cultural heritage and complex political structure.

Party of Democratic Revolution (PRD)

A political party in Mexico that advocates for democratic reforms and progressive policies.

Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)

A major political party in Mexico known for its long-standing dominance in the country's political landscape.

National Action Party (PAN)

A conservative political party in Mexico that has competed with the PRI for power.

National Regeneration Movement (MORENA)

A left-wing political party in Mexico founded by former president Andrés Manuel López Obrador.

Patron-client relationship

A social structure where political support is given in exchange for personal loyalty and services.

Corporatism

A political ideology where various interest groups are formally integrated into the government decision-making process.

National Congress

The legislative body of Mexico, composed of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies.

Chamber of Deputies

The lower house of the National Congress of Mexico, responsible for representing the people.

National Supreme Court of Justice

The highest court in Mexico, responsible for interpreting the constitution and federal laws.

Federal Election Institute (FEI)

The independent organization in charge of organizing elections in Mexico.

Sextio

A term referring to the political system or political strategies used by certain parties in Mexico.

El dedazo

A practice in Mexican politics where the sitting president selects their successor.

PEMEX

The Mexican state-owned petroleum company, a major player in the country's economy.

Mexican Miracle

A period of sustained economic growth and modernization in Mexico from the 1940s to the 1970s.

Maquiladoras

Factories in Mexico that import materials and equipment on a duty-free basis for assembly into finished goods.

Mestizo

A person of mixed European and Indigenous descent in Mexico and Central America.

NAFTA

The North American Free Trade Agreement that created a trilateral trade bloc between the United States, Mexico, and Canada.

USMCA (US-Mexico-Canada Agreement)

A trade agreement that replaced NAFTA, aimed at improving trade relations between the three countries.

Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN)

A revolutionary leftist group in Mexico known for its opposition to neoliberalism and advocacy for indigenous rights.

AML0

Refers to anti-money laundering regulations in Mexico.

Nigeria

A country in West Africa known for its diverse cultures, ethnicities, and economic challenges.

Goodluck Jonathan

A Nigerian politician who served as president from 2010 to 2015.

People’s Democratic Party (PDP)

One of the two major political parties in Nigeria, traditionally associated with the country’s political elite.

All Progressive Congress (APC)

A political party in Nigeria formed from a merger of opposition parties to challenge the PDP.

Hausa

An ethnic group in Nigeria known for its rich cultural heritage and predominantly found in the northern region.

Fulani

An ethnic group in West Africa, including Nigeria, known for their pastoral lifestyle and influence in politics.

Igbo (Ibo)

An ethnic group located in southeastern Nigeria with distinct cultural practices.

Yoruba

An ethnic group in southwestern Nigeria, renowned for their rich tradition and culture.

Ogani

A term used to describe societal groups or structures within Nigeria, particularly within certain ethnic contexts.

Sharia Law

A legal framework based on Islamic law, applied in various forms in Nigeria, primarily in northern states.

Prebendalism

A political system where state resources are used by political elites for personal gain, often seen in Nigeria.

Patrimonialism

A governance system where authority derives from personal loyalty and informal ties rather than formal institutions.

Rentier State

A state that derives a significant portion of its national revenues from rents rather than taxation, often characterized by Nigeria’s oil economy.

Resource Curse

A theory suggesting that countries with abundant natural resources tend to experience less economic growth and worse development outcomes.

MEND (Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta)

A militant group in Nigeria that advocates for the rights of the Niger Delta people, particularly regarding oil resources.

Structural Adjustment Policies

Policies aimed at improving the economic performance of developing nations, often involving austerity measures and economic reforms.

Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC)

The state oil corporation responsible for the exploration and production of oil in Nigeria.

ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States)

A regional political and economic union of fifteen West African countries.