5 : France-Algeria-Morroco, a critical relationship

more unstable side of mediterranean sea

the western is less unstable than easter who underwent instability and conflict for the past 10 years

who tried to unify the entire maghreb event using force

• rome

• various muslim caliphates

• ottomans

• france

colonization during french colonial period

• libya = italian protectorate

• morrocan rif = spain

• most of sahara belong to Algeria due to french colonization

case of morroco

established his own identity = province of mauretania tingitana

= conquered by arab forces by wali and general mousa ibn nosayr

evolution of the berber tribes of tingitania

• took part in the conquest of spain

• took advantage of the dynastic disorder in the arab empire

• in 789 = local dynasty founded by Idris I = a Shiite descendant of ali and fatima

• establish the first moroccan kingdom in the territory that correspond to the actual one

Morroco under the almodavids

• the empire extended as far south as Senegal

• in 1591 Djouder pasha occupied timbuktu

influence of France on mauritania

now separed from morroco because france separated it from the kingdom by making it a french colony in 1920

territory of tunisia

has its own district history and territory remain recognizable for 2,800 years

= actual border = those of the heart of the carthagian empire

in 1574 = the ottomans occupied ifriqya established the Regency of tunis

algeria in roman time

• divided east / west (divided in 2 itself)

• came under the rule of Zirids of tunisia + the hammadids + later under morrocan domination

• coast = under ottoman rule in 1520 but the regency of algiers never controlled the Berber mountains

• France ultimately unified it 1830 + Sahara = during independence negotiations