NREMT AEMT PREP with 100% correct answers already graded A+(verified for accuracy)

M.O.I.

Mechanism of Injury, vehicles, falls etc.

what do you generally set oxygen to?

15L/M

How to open airway for a trauma victim?

chin lift/jaw thrust

apneic

not breathing

N.O.I

nature of illness

AVPU

Alert, verbal/vocal, pain, unconscious

skin CTC

color,temperature, condition (normal is warm,pink and dry)

hypoperfusion

Shock.... decreased delivery of oxygen and nutrients to cells)

OPQRST

for conditions occuring right now (medical) Onset, Provocation, quality,radiation, severity, time

Onset

What were you doing when this happened? did it happen suddenly or gradually? could ...... have caused this?

Provocation

What makes your pain feel better or worse? does it hurt when you do .........?

quality

How would you describe your pain? what does your pain feel like?

radiation

Where does it hurt the most? is it staying in one spot? where was it when the pain started

severity

on scale of 1 to 10 how bad is your pain?

time

how long has it been since the pain started?

signs versus symptoms

signs: something you see

symptoms: something they tell you

nitroglycerin

vasodilation of coronary arteries

What is first priority after personal safety?

patient care

brady (root)

below normal, slow

tachy (root)

above normal, rapid

tachypnea

rapid breathing

plegia

paralysis of the limbs quadraplegia (four limbs) quad=4

bilateral

both sides

dorsal/ventral

dorsal: back of body

ventral: front of body

palmar/plantar

palmar: palm of the hand

plantar: sole of the foot

where to place stethescope for lung sounds?

mid-clavicular lines

fowler position

sitting up

integumentary system

forms protective barrier and aids in temperature regulation (skin, hair, nails and sweat glands)

zygomatic

bones that form the structure of the cheeks

proximate cause

when what you did caused further harm.

why would you use an emergency move?

scene is unsafe, you must get to other patients, care of life threatening injuries requires repositioning

when to use a urgent move?

when patients condition is declining: backboarding, removing from a car etc.

what side should you roll recovery position?

left side

malleolus

ankle bone

c1 and c2

atlas and axis

How many total vertebrae?

33

portions of skull

frontal, occipital, temporal, parietal (sides)

calcaneous

heel bone

normal respiratory rate for children and infants

c: 15-30 I: 25-50

two major bones of the pelvis

ilium (superior and widest) and ischium

epiglottis

structure that prevents foreign matter from entering the trachea

larynx

voice box

bronchi

two large branches that come off the trachea

diaphragm

muscular structure that divides the chest from the abdomen

ventalation vs respiration

ventilation is moving gases between inhaled air and blood, respiration is the moving of oxygen between blood and cells

what is the muscle of the heart?

myocardium

what is the pacemaker of the heart

sinoatrial node (SA node)

exceptions to the veins= oxygen poor and arteries= oxygen rich rule

the pulmonary artery and pulmonary veins

liver

produces bile, detoxifying

gallbladder

stores bile from the liver

kidney

filters blood and produces urine

ureters

tubes connection kidney to the bladder

epididymis

stores sperm

carpals

wrist bones

patent airway=

open airway

minute volume

tidal volume*resiratory rate

hydrostatic pressure

pushing of fluid out of the blood vessels

systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

pressure that the heart must overcome to pump blood into a specific system

stroke volume

amount of blood ejected from the heart with one contraction

V/Q match

ventilation perfusion match, optimum exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

edema

swelling, when water moves into the interstitial space

meningines

protective layers of the brain and spinal chord

graves disease

overproduction of thyroid hormone

fontanelle

soft spot where bones meet

anterior fontanelle

you can look at it and get a good idea of how hydrated a baby is if sunken they are dehydrated, if it is bulging they are overhydrated

larynx

voice box

cricoid ring

extend 360 degrees around the trachea and is also the top ring

stridor

high pitched sound generated from obstruction in upper airway

When not to use oropharyngeal airway

When they have a gag reflex or they re gain a gag reflex

what not to use nasopharyngeal airway

if there is clear cerebrospinal fluid coming out from the nose or ears (indication of a skull fracture)

suctioning rules

no longer than 10 seconds, place the tip where you want to start and suction on the way out, done best when the patient is on their side

how can altered mental status affect the airway of a patient

muscle tone decreases, so the muscles that keep the airway open can relax

pulmonary respiration

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulation blood in cappilaries

cellular respiration

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and circulating blood (oxygen goes into cells, co2 goes out)

study page 199-200

cyanotic

blue skin color

note

non rebreather mask requires adequate breathing to pull oxygen into the lungs, it does not provide ventilation to a patient who is not breathing or breathing inadequately

diaphoretic

very sweatye

artificial ventiliation

forcing air or oxygen into the lungs when a patient has stopped breathing

bvm with conscious patient

use for patients in severe respiratory distress, ventilate as the patient inhales

when to administer oxygen

when saturation is below 94%, pale skin, altered mental status, cyanosis, difficulty breathing)

When to use nasal cannula

only if patient will not tolerate non-rebreather mask.. (nasal cannula has low concentration of oxygen)

Tracheostomy mask

mask that is designed to be placed over a stoma

signs of respiratory distress

accessory muscle use, rapid breathing,tripod

signs of respiratory failure

altered mental status, cyanosis, dropping pulse oximetry

What approach to take if patient is lifeless?

CAB circulation, airway, breathing

Signs of shock

unusually anxious, pale, and sweaty

levine's sign

hand clenched over chest, indicates chest pain

priority types

stable, potentially unstable, unstable

stable

patients vital signs must be in the normal range or just slightly abnormal, any threat to abc's rules out the stable category

potentially unstable

when you believe a patients condition may deteriorate

unstable

any life threatening condition cannot be controlled or threatens to reoccur, or a depressed level of responsiveness

rapid, regular and full pulse

fright, fever, high blood pressure, first stages of blood loss

rapid, regular, and thready pulse

shock and later stages of blood loss

jaundiced (yellow skin)

abnormalities of the liver

best places to assess skin color on adults

inside of cheek, nail beds, inside of lower eyelid

effect of light on pupils

more light= constriction

less light= dilation

what to say at end of every assessment

treat for shock and transport

what could cause a pulse oximetry of 100%

carbon monoxide or anxiety attack

normal blood glucose levels

80-120; hyperglycemia is not a huge issue