Marine Biology Quiz 4 (FNR 20100)

What Order does blue ringed octopus belong to?

Octopoda

What are Anthozoans?

sea anemones and corals

Are corals sessile or sedentary?

Sessile

Are sea anemones sessile or sedentary?

Sedentary

What are characteristics of sea anemones?

- Polyps more complex than hydrozoans

- Can expand, retract, and extend tentacles

- Can move locations

What are characteristics of corals?

- Polyps secrete a hard or soft skeleton

- Hard coral skeleton made from calcium carbonate

What do hydrozoans eat? How do they do this?

Filter feed on plankton

What do jellyfish eat?

Carnivores of invertebrates and fish

What do sea anemones and corals eat? How do they do this?

Feeds on invertebrates and small fish by paralyzing prey with nematocysts. Also uses photosynthesis

What is pedal laceration?

When parts of pedal disk (base) of corals and anemones are left behind and grow into new organisms

What is the main characteristic of Ctenophores?

8 rows of comb plates (ctenes)

What is bilateral symmetry?

Body divides equally along one plane

What is cephalization?

Concentration of sense organs at one end of animal

How many species of flatworms?

20,000

What are characteristics of flatworms?

- Sensory receptors in head region

- Beginnings of a centralized nervous system

- Lacks circulatory and respiratory organs

- Bilateral symmetry

- Cephalization

What Phylum do flatworms belong to?

Platyhelminthes

What type of flatworms belong to Class Tubellaria?

Free-living flatworms

What type of flatworms belong to Class Trematoda?

Parasitic flatworms

What type of flatworms belong to Class Cestoda?

Parasitic tapeworm

What Phylum do ribbon worms belong to?

Nemertea

What is a major characteristic of ribbon worms?

Captures prey with a long tube called the proboscis

What Phylum do molluscs belong to?

Mollusca

How many species of molluscs are there?

76,000 (second highest)

What are characteristics of molluscs?

- Soft body composed of almost entirely muscle

- A mantle with a significant cavity used for breathing and excretion

- Presence of a radula

- Structure of the nervous system

What are characteristics of the molluscan mantle?

- Protective tissue covering soft body

- Secretes the shell but is not the shell

What is a characteristics of the molluscan radula?

- Ribbon of tissue containing teeth

- In all molluscs except bivalve

What are characteristics of molluscan physiology?

- Well-developed nervous system with a brain

- Open circulatory system

- Complete digestive system

What molluscs belongs to Class Gastropoda?

Snails

What molluscs belongs to Class Bivalvia?

Clams, oysters, mussels, scallops

What molluscs belongs to Class Cephalopoda?

Octopus, nautili and squid

What molluscs belongs to Class Polyplacophora?

Chitons

What are characteristics of chitons?

- 8 overlapping plates held together by tough girdle

- Flattened bodies

- Attaches firmly to rocks

- Scrapes algae and other organisms from rocks

Wat are characteristics of Gastropods?

- Largest group of molluscs

- Most have a 1-piece shell

- Operculum covering over aperture that allows shell to close

What are feeding habits of Gastropods?

- Herbivores use radula to graze on microalgae

- Carnivores locate prey using chemical trail utilizing proboscis to search and radula as a spear

What are trochophores?

Free swimming larva in gastropods that develop from a fertilized zygote and have cilia

What are veliger?

Planktonic larva that develops from the trochophore

What are Nudibranch?

Marine gastropods that lack a shell

What are characteristics of Nudibranch?

- Have cerata that extends surface area

- Projections from body that increase gas exchange

- Brightly colored to warn of toxicity

What are characteristics of Bivalves?

- Specialized filter feeders

- No head or radula

- Two shell halves

What are characteristics of cephalopods?

- Ring of tentacles projecting from head

- Lacks a shell or have small internal shell

- Fast swimming

- Well-developed nervous system with complex structures

- Radula and beak-like jaws to crush or rip prey

What are characteristics of Nautilus?

- Large and coiled shells

- Chambers filled with gas to aid buoyancy and swimming

- Propel using jet propulsion

How do Cephalopods feed?

- Locates prey with highly complex eyes

- Captures prey using tentacles

- Eats with powerful beaklike jaws

What are characteristics of Arthropods?

- Segmented bodies and jointed appendages

- Hard protective outer skeleton called exoskeleton which they shed or molt to replace

What is the most diverse animal Phylum?

Arthropoda (70% of all animal species)