ch 2 and 3 anatomy and physiology of respiration

bony thorax

Posterior-Vertebral column

Anterior-Sternum, costal cartilage

Lateral-Ribs

Superior-Scapula, clavicle

Inferior-Pelvic girdle

______________ is suspended from the vertebral column

manubrium

bony thorax

vertebral column

Part of the bony thorax

Composed of 32-33 segments of bone

Made of vertebra (plural, vertebrae)

Vertebrae numbered sequentially by section from superior to inferior

vertebral column

how many cervical vertebrae

7

how many thoracic vertebrae

12

how many lumbar vertebrae

5

how many sacral vertebrae

5

how many coccyx

1-4 fused

pectoral girdle

Also called shoulder girdle or scapular girdle

Clavicle (anteriorly) and scapula (posteriorly)

Clavicle allows for projection of the scapular away from the thoracic cave

Fixation, stabilization of pectoral girdle needed for forced expiration and fixed core

pectoral girdle

pelvic girdle

Paired hip bones

Joined anteriorly at the pubic symphysis, posteriorly at the sacrum

pelvic girdle

thoracic vertebrae

Thoracic Vertebrae-Rib Articulation

Superior Costal (Demi) Facet of inferior vertebrae (#4)•

Inferior Costal (Demi) Facet of superior vertebrae (#2)• Transverse Costal (Demi) Facet of inferior vertebrae (#9)

sternum

angle

visceral lining

covers lungs

parietal lining

covers thoracic wall

diaphragm

Separates the thorax from the abdomen•

Central tendon is asheet-like tendon•

Fibers of ________ pull on central tendon•

_________ is pulled downward/flattens during inspiration•

Lungs are expanded in the vertical dimension

external intercostal

Inferior surface of superior rib -> superior surface of rib below•

Expand the ribcage

internal intercostal, interchondral portion

levatores costarum

serratus posterior superior

sternocleidomastoid

scalenes

trapezius

pectoralis major

serratus anterior

internal intercostals, interosseous portion

transversus thoracis

serratus posterior inferior

transversus abdominis

internal oblique abdominis

external oblique abdominis

rectus abdominis

tidal volume

Volume we breathe in during respiratory cycle

inspiratory reserve volume

air inspired beyond tidal volume

expiratory reserve volume

air expired beyond tidal volume

residual volume

volume remaining in lungs after max exhalation

dead space air

air that cannot undergo gas exchange; includes residual volume

vital capacity

Volume of air that can be inspired after a maximal expiration•

Capacity that is available for speech•

IRV + ERV + TV•

About 4,000 mL on average

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

Air that remains in the body after passiveinspiration•

ERV + RV

total lung capacity

Sum of all lung volumes•

TV + IRV + ERV + RV•

About 5,100 mL

inspiratory capacity

Volume that can be inspired after tidal expiration•

TV + IRV•

About 3,000 mL