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Federalism

the system of government in the United States in which power is shared between the national and state governments

Enumerated powers

Powers specifically written in the Constitution for the Federal government.

Implied powers

not specifically written in the Constitution but are inferred from the Necessary and Proper Clause

Inherent powers

powers that a government or state has that are not explicitly stated in the Constitution, but are necessary for the government to function. These powers are intrinsic and are not derived from other sources of authority

Reserved Powers

those not delegated or enumerated to the national government but are reserved to the states, as stated in the Tenth Amendment

Concurrent Powers

shared between both levels of government such as the power to collect taxes, the power to make and enforce laws and the power to build roads

Mandates

requirements by the national government of the states

Revenue Sharing

national funding with almost no restrictions to the states on its use and is the least used form of funding

Categorical Grants

national funding that is restricted to specific categories of expenditures, is preferred by the national government, and is the most commonly used form of funding

Block grants

national funding with minimal restrictions to the states on its use and is preferred by the states

10th Amendment

 the last of the Bill of Rights to define the balance of power between the federal government and the states ; establishes reserved powers of the states

Fourteenth Amendment

Due Process Clause and Equal Protection Clause as applied to the states

Commerce clause

gives the national government the power to regulate interstate commerce, but Supreme Court interpretations can influence the extent of this power

Necessary & Proper Clause/ Elastic Clause

 gives Congress the power to make laws related to carrying out its enumerated powers, but Supreme Court interpretations can influence the extent of these powers.

Supremacy Clause

gives the national government and its laws general precedence over states’ laws, but Supreme Court interpretations may affect when specific actions exceed this constitutional powers

Full Faith and Credit Clause

A clause in Article IV, S1, of the Constitution requiring each state to recognize the official documents and civil judgments rendered by the courts of other states.

Privileges and Immunities Clause

 A clause in Art. IV, S2, of the Constitution giving citizens of each state most of the privileges of citizens of other states

Extradition

A legal process whereby an alleged criminal offender is sent from one state back to the state where the crime allegedly occurred

Interstate Compacts

A legally binding agreement between two or more states that establishes a formal relationship to address common issues or promote a common agenda