AP Lang Rhetoric quiz

vocab mixed with examples

Rhetoric

the faculty of observing in any given case the available mean of persuasion

• to convince you of something

appeals

tools of rhetoric that persuade an audience

ethos

• trustworthy

• creditable

• reputation of an individual helps est. it

• use of evidence to help est. it

• to be reasonable, well informed, acknowledge other opinions, thoughtful

logos

• reason

• offer clear, rational ideas

• logical

• having a clear, main idea + using specific details, examples, facts, statistics, or expert testimony to back it up

pathos

• emotions, values, desires, hopes, or fears, prejudices

• figurative language, personal anecdotes, vivid images

• humor, images

close reading analysis

• identifying techniques and strategies -> analyze their effect

• rhetorical strategy or style element/ effect or function

anaphora

repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of a successive phrase, clause, or line

zeugma

one verb or adjective having multiple + incongruous objects

hortative

language that urges or calls to action

alliteration

repetition of the same sound beginning several words or syllables in sequence

allusion

brief reference to a person, event, or place (real or fictitious) or to a work of art

antimetabole

repetition of words in reverse order

antithesis

opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction

asyndeton

omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words

juxtaposition

placement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences

metaphor

figure of speech that compares two things without using like or as

oxymoron

paradoxical juxtaposition of words that seem to contradict one another

parallelism

similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses

personification

attribution of a lifelike quality to an inanimate object or an idea

rhetorical question

figure of speech in the form of a question posed for the rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer

rogerian arguement

based on the assumption that having a full understanding of an opposing position is essential to responding to it persuasively + refuting it in a way that is accommodating rather than alienating

closed thesis

statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews all major points that will be made

open thesis

does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in the essay

counter argument thesis statements

summary of a counterargument, usually begins with although or but before the write states their opinion

expert opinion

• more formal

• expert has published research on a topic, job, or experience that gives them specialized knowledge

• is seen as creditable to audience

fallacy

potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in an arguement

diction

writer’s choice of words and phrases that set a tone, style, or effect on an audience

syntax

the way a writer arranges words, phrases, and sentences to convey a meaning

SOAPSTone

a foundational strategy for analyzing the rhetorical situation of a text

rhetorical situation

the complete set of circumstances, events, and relationships that prompt a writer or a speaker to speak

syntax ( the arrangement of words and phrases to create well formed sentences)

as the rain poured relentlessly down the windowpane, she sat silently, lost in deep reflection

diction (word choice)

He “requested” an audience vs He asked to “hang out”

SOAPSTone - speaker

Martin Luther Kind Jr

• civil rights leader

• “I have a Dream Speech)

SOAPSTone - occasion (time, place, context)

March on Washington in 1963

• calling for economic rights and an end to racism

SOAPSTone - audience

the civil rights protests at the National Mall and the American public watching on television

SOAPSTone - purpose (the main reason why they are speaking this, why, what author wants audience to feel, think, do)

to inspire unity and persuade the U.S. government to pass federal civil rights legislation

SOAPSTone - subject

racial equality, civil rights, and freedom for Black Americans

SOAPSTone - tone (speakers attitude toward subject or audience)

passionate, hopeful, urgent, and solemn

ethos

“As a doctor with over twenty years of medical practice, I strongly recommend this treatment”

pathos

“If we don’t act now, thousands of innocent shelter animals will face a heartbreaking fate alone”

logos

“Data shows that wearing seatbelts reduced the risk of fatal injury in crashes by 45%”

alliteration (repetition of same sounded)

“Peter piper picked a peck of pickled peppers”

allusion (brief reference to a person, event, or place, or work of art)

“He had a smile that rivaled Mona Lisa’s”

anaphora (repetition but at start of phrases, clauses, or lines)

“We shall fight on the beachers, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields”

antimetabole (repetition of words in reverse order)

“Ask not what your country can do for you - ask what you can do for your country”

antithesis (opposition or contrast of ideas or words in a parallel construction)

“One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”

asyndeton (omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words)

“I came, I saw, I conquered” rather than “I came, and I saw, and I conquered”

juxtaposition

A pristine, luxury modern mansion built right next to a dilapidated, crumbling barn

metaphor

all the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players

oxymoron (contradiction)

deafening silence or bitttersweet

parallelism

she likes hiking, swimming, and running (ing)

personification

the wind whispered through the trees

rhetorical question

do you want to fail this test?