NCM101 Second Semester - Midterm Flashcards

Flashcards from NCM101 Second Semester Midterm Lecture Notes focusing on vocabulary.

Assessing the Abdomen

An examination that includes observing the shape of the abdomen, palpating for masses, and auscultating for vascular sounds.

Equipment Needed for Abdominal Assessment

Stethoscope, tape measure or ruler, and marking pen.

IAPP

Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, Palpation

Peristalsis

Wavelike movements visible in thin adults or in clients who have intestinal obstructions.

Expected Bowel Sounds

High-pitched clicks and gurgles 5 to 35 times/min.

Borborygmi

Loud, growling sounds that are hyperactive sounds and indicate increased gastrointestinal motility.

Rebound tenderness (Blumberg’s sign)

An indication of irritation or inflammation somewhere in the abdominal cavity.

Peripheral Vascular System

A human being has 9 major pulse points where you can feel the heartbeat through an artery close to the surface of the skin.

Infant Peripheral Pulse Screening

Screen for coarctation of the aorta by palpating the peripheral pulses and comparing the strength of the femoral pulses with the radial pulses and apical pulse.

Normal Findings for Upper Extremities

Full ROM of arms, normal muscle strength of hands, arms and shoulders and symmetric in size.

Abnormal Findings for Lower Extremities

Skin in the legs appears pale with vasoconstriction; reddish with vasodilation; cyanotic with poor oxygenation and thin, skinny skin with pallor and coolness, loss of hair, ulcers, gangrene in the legs indicate arterial insufficiency.

Positive Homan’s Sign

Pain in the calf indicating deep vein thrombosis, superficial phlebitis, Achilles tendinitis, gastrocnemius and plantar muscle injury and lumbosacral disorders.

Ankle- Brachial Index (ABI)

Apply a regular arm blood pressure cuff above the ankle and determine the systolic pressure in either the posterior tibial or dorsalis pedis artery. Divide the figure by the systolic pressure of the brachial artery.

Hypertrophy

Enlargement of muscle due to strengthening.

Atrophy

Decrease in muscle size due to disuse; feels soft and boggy.

Kyphosis

Exaggerated curvature of the thoracic spine (common among older adults).

Lordosis

Exaggerated curvature of the lumbar spine (common during the toddler years and pregnancy).

Scoliosis

Exaggerated lateral curvature.

CNS - Central Nervous System

Brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System Consists of

12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves.

Flexion

Movement that decreases the angle between two adjacent bones.

Extension

Movement that increases the angle between two adjacent bones.

Abduction

Movement of an extremity away from the midline of the body.

Adduction

Movement of an extremity toward the midline of the body.

Eversion

Turning a body part away from midline.

Inversion

Turning a body part toward the midline.

Normal Gait

Normal gait is steady

Rectal Shelf

A nodular, hard, shelflike structure that protrudes onto the anterior surface of the rectum in the area of the seminal vesicles in men and in the area of the rectouterine pouch in women.

Uterine Prolapse

uterus protrudes into the vagina. In first- degree prolapse, the cervix is seen at the vaginal opening; in second-degree prolapse the uterus bulges outside of vaginal openings; in third-degree prolapse, the uterus bulges completely out of the vagina.

Genital Warts

moist, fleshy lesions on the labia and within the vestibule. They are painless and believed to be sexually transmitted.

Nabothian (retention) cysts

small (less than 1 cm), yellow, translucent nodules on the cervical surface.

Cystocele

bulging in the anterior vaginal wall caused by thickening of the pelvic musculature. As a result, the bladder, covered by vaginal mucosa, prolapses into the vagina.

Rectocele

bulging in the posterior vaginal wall caused by weakening of the pelvic musculature. Part of the rectum covered by the vaginal mucosa protrudes into the vagina.

Phimosis

Foreskin is so tight that it cannot be retracted over the glans.

Paraphimosis

Foreskin is so tight that, once retracted, it cannot be returned back over the glans.

Informed Consent

Agreement by a client to accept a course of treatment or a procedure after being provided complete information.

Patients’ Bill of Rights

Right to Appropriate Medical Care and Humane Treatment, Right to Informed Consent, Right to Privacy and Confidentiality.

Data Privacy Act

Protection of all forms of information, be it private, personal or sensitive.

Team-based Approach

Acknowledges that there are multiple key players treating a patient and that each of them must work with one another in order to drive optimal care outcomes.