Cell Division/Reproduction/DNA Test Review

Cell Cycle

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

mitosis

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Diploid cells have

pairs of chromosomes, form in mitosis

Haploid cells have

single chromosomes, form in meiosis

body cells

skin, muscle, bone, leaf, root

sex cells

egg and sperm

interphase

80% of the time the cell is in this phase

prophase

Chromosomes become visable, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle forms

metaphase

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

anaphase

chromosomes separate and move away to opposite ends of the cell

telophase

phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin

cytokinesis

Division of the cytoplasm during cell division

human sex cells

have 23 chromosomes

human body cells

have 23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes

mitosis creates

two identical daughter cells

meiosis creates

four genetically different daughter cells

asexual reproduction

budding, binary fission, vegetative reproduction, runners

sexual reproduction

fertilization creates a zygote

meiosis

has 8 phases to produce four cells

mitosis

has four phases to create two cells

asexual reproduction

lacks genetic variety

sexual reproduction

increases chance of survival due to genetic variation

Adenine (A) pairs with

Thymine (T)

Cytosine (C) pairs with

Guanine (G)

DNA shape

double helix (twisted ladder)