Grice's Cooperative Principle and Politeness Theory

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8 Terms

1
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Face

The fundamental concept of an individual’s self worth or self-image

2
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Positive face

Desire to be liked, approved of and appreciated

3
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Negative face

Desire for freedom of action and freedom from imposition

4
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Face Threatening Acts (FTA’s)

  • Actions that can damage either speaker’s or hearer’s face

  • Can threaten either positive or negative faces

5
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Bald On-Record

  • Direct, clear communication

  • Used in emergencies or when face threat is limited

  • Example “Open the window”

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Positive politeness

  • Addresses positive face needs

    • Using in-group identity markers

    • Showing interest/sympathy

    • Seeking agreement

  • Example: “Liz, darling, could you help me with his?”

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Negative politeness

Addresses negative face needs

  • Being indirect

  • Using hedges

  • Being pessimistic

  • Showing deference

Example: “I don’t suppose there would be any chance of a cup of tea”

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Off-record

Indirect communication that allows deniability - “It’s a bit cold in here”