Unit 3 Review: Land-Based Empires

These flashcards cover key concepts and events in the expansion and administration of land-based empires from 1450 to 1750, as well as the significant religious reforms and conflicts of the period.

What were the primary land-based empires that expanded from 1450 to 1750?

The Gunpowder Empires: Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal, and Russian Empire.

What facilitated the expansion of the Gunpowder Empires during 1450-1750?

The fall of the Mongol Khanates and the spread of gunpowder technology from China.

What significant technological advancement marked the beginning of the Early Modern Period in Europe in 1450?

The introduction of the Printing Press.

Who were the significant rulers of the Qing Dynasty in China and their major achievements?

Emperors Kangxi and Qianlong; they expanded China and imposed a protectorate over Tibet.

What strategy did Peter the Great use to consolidate his power in Russia?

He defeated the Streltsy (boyar-led army) and reorganized Russia into provinces.

How did the Ottoman Empire expand its territory under Mehmed II?

By using siege weapons and gunpowder to conquer Constantinople.

What characterized the administration structure of the Safavid Empire?

Religious control through Shi’a Islam and impressive military organization.

What impact did the Mughal Empire have on trade during its peak?

It became one of the richest and best-governed states, thriving in overseas trade of textiles, spices, and jewels.

What was the primary reason for the religious schisms in Islam during this period?

The Sunni and Shi’a divisions, notably the Sunni Ottoman Empire and Shi’a Safavid Empire rivalry.

What did the Protestant Reformation challenge in Europe?

It challenged the authority and practices of the corrupt Catholic Church.

What were the main components of the Counter-Reformation?

The Inquisition, Jesuits' missionary work, and the Council of Trent.

What were the consequences of the Thirty Years' War?

It devastated Europe, resulted in famine and disease, and ended with the Peace of Westphalia which allowed regional autonomy.