THER EX LECTURE 7B: RESISTANCE EXERCISE (EXAM II)

For strength, intensity of load should cause fatigue after duration of ____-____ seconds

6-10

For endurance, intensity of load should cause fatigue after duration of about ___-___ seconds

30-60

Isometric ____:

- maximal isometric contractions should be avoided for patients with history of cardiac disorders uncontrolled BP, or vascular disorders

Contraindications

Isometric ____:

- avoid valsalva (rapid increased in BP when straining)

- use rhythmic breathing to prevent this as much as possible (talking/counting)

Precautions

If a muscle is substantially weak it may be easier for the patient to control ____ a limb against gravity than ____ a limb against gravity

Lowering; lifting (SLR)

____:

- produces acceleration

- requires recruitment of greater numbers of motor units

- less mechanically efficient

- less metabolically efficient (higher O2 consumption)

Concentric

____:

- produces deceleration

- source of shock absorption with high impact activity

- may have greater cardio stress (comparatively higher HR & BP)

- higher incidence of DOMS

Eccentric

You should perform ___-___ reps to increase strength

8-12

You should perform ___-____ reps to increase endurance

12-15

You should perform ___-___ sets for strength and endurance training

2-3

____ ____ ____ is when a limb moves through a ROM against a constant external load

Constant external resistance

____ ____ ____:

- handheld or cuff weight

- weight machines

- weight pulley system

Constant external resistance

With ____ ___ ____, torque is imposed by the weight and tension generated by the muscle change

Constant external resistance

Imposed load < muscles torque production:

- muscle contracts ____

- _____ of load

Concentrically; acceleration

Imposed load > muscles torque production:

- muscle contracts _____

- _____ of the load

Eccentrically; deceleration

____ ____ ____ is when resistance equipment imposes varying levels of resistance at multiple points in the ROM

Variable resistance exercise

____ ____ ____:

- weight cable system

- elastic resistance (bands and tubing)

Variable resistance exercise

____ ____:

- constant external resistance

- variable resistance exercise

Dynamic exercise

Isotonic exercise should occur at ____ velocities

Slow

Weak muscles work best during ____ contractions

Eccentric

_____ exercise is movement at a constant rate

Isokinetic

With Isokinetic exercise, velocity of the joint angular velocity is predetermined and held constant by a ____ ___ ___

Rate limiting device (Isokinetic dynamometer)

With Isokinetic exercise, external resistance adjusts to the ____ applied to the equipment

Effort

Characteristics of _____ training:

- reciprocal vs. isolated muscle training (can provide resistance to opposing muscle groups)

- specificity of training

- compressive forces on joints

- accommodation to fatigue

- accommodation to painful arc

Isokinetic

Isokinetic training differs from DCER by performing ____ _____

Reciprocal training (you can work more than one muscle at a time)

____ exercise training effects:

- strength, power, endurance

- single muscle isolation

Isokinetic

Sources of ____:

- manual

- mechanical

- body weight

Resistance

_____ fuels the muscles

ATP

Always start with a ___ arc and progress to a ____ arc

Shorter; longer (more strength is required to perform a longer arc)

____ is amount of resistance imposed on contracting muscles

Intensity

Intensity is aka ____ ____ (amount of weight lifted, lowered, or held)

Exercise load

Circumstances in which you may prescribe ____ loading:

- increase muscle strength and power and possibly muscle size

- healthy adults in the advanced phase of a rehab program

- individuals with no known pathology

Maximal

For babies through elementary age children, ____ is the best exercise

Play

____ metabolism:

- a molecule of glucose can produce 3 ATP molecules

Anaerobic

_____ metabolism:

- a molecule of glucose can produce 39 ATP molecules

Aerobic

____ ____ builds up as someone is exercising

Lactic acid (fatigues muscle)

Circumstances in which you may prescribe ____ loading:

- to warm up and cool down

- to improve muscle endurance

- when first learning an exercise

- after prolonged immobilization

- for most children and older adults

- for stages subacute & chronic stages of tissue healing

Submaximal

The main goal of submaximal loading is to ____ ____

Improve function

Use ___ weight ____ reps with submaximal loading

Low; high

Emphasize ____ ____ with submaximal loading

Correct form

Children can safely begin resistance training at age ____-____

7-8

Excessive physical activity may impact the ____ ____ and result in injury

Growth plate

____ grow faster than muscles and tendons

Bones (this can cause excess tension on tendons resulting in tendinous —> Osgood Schalter disease)

____ ____ is the greatest amount of weight that can be moved through full ROM with control for a specific number of reps

Repetition maximum

Reasons to determine a baseline ____ ____:

- to determine amount of weight to use during a specific number of reps

- to document a baseline measurement of dynamic strength

Repetition maximum

____ ____ ____ is not safe for people with:

- joint impairment

- cardiovascular disease

- OP

- soft tissue injury (or risk of injury or re-injury)

1 repetition maximum

____ training is a personalized BFR rehab training that uses the strategy of placing a tourniquet around the limb during exercise

BFR

BFR ___ UE ( 50%) and LE (80%)

To

BFR ____ the limb by 100%

From

BFR uses a ___ ___ to:

- diminish atrophy and loss of strength

- increase strength

- increase hypertrophy

- improve muscle endurance

- improve muscle protein synthesis (in elderly)

- improve muscle activation

- increase growth hormone response

Low load (20-30% 1 RM)

Repetition maximum should be performed with ____

Control

2 other (usually better) alternative methods to determining baseline ___ or initial exercise ____ for patients:

- RPE: Bord CR 10 Scale (measure of perceived loading)

- therapist selects a specific amount of resistance and documents how many repetitions can be completed through the full range before the muscle begins to fatigue

Strength; load

_____ are number of times movement is repeated

Reps

____ are groups of reps separated by rest interval

Sets

For effective resistance training, repeat ___-__ sets and progress when ____ no longer occurs

2-3; fatigue

____ intensity ____ volume resistance training can be performed daily or more than 1x per day

Low;low

____ to ___ intensity and volume can train a specific muscle group 2x per week for maintenance or up to every other day

Moderate to high

Exercise should be a ____ ___ ____

Life long commitment

Certain exercises may be stopped after ____ ____ is achieved and patient is able to incorporate the movement into everyday life

Full function

Resistance training:

- ____ muscle groups before ___ muscle groups

Large; small

Resistance training:

- _____ _____ exercises before ____ ____ exercise

Multi joint; single joint

Resistance training:

- _____ intensity before _____ intensity

Higher; lower

____ ____ is dependent upon intensity, volume, and type of exercise and patient specific factors

Recovery interval

Younger and older people may need at least ____ minutes of recovery even with lower intensities

3

_____ of resistance exercise:

- prevent incorrect/substitute motions

- DOMS

- be aware of medications

- dizziness of unexpected SOB

Precautions

3 principles to consider when wanting to improve ____ ____:

- overload principle

- SAID principle

- reversibility principle

Muscle performance

_____ recovery is best

Active

Cooling down with walking or cycling is an example of _____ recovery

Active

Applying a hot or cold pack after exercise is an example of _____ recovery

Passive

______ regimen deals with accelerating/increasing load

DeLorme

_____ regimen deals with decelerating/decreasing load

Oxford

The ____ & _____ regimen are commonly used in the clinic

DeLorme & Oxford

_____ is related to a muscles ability to produce force

Flexibility

You should ____ rectus femoris, IT band & iliopsoas for a patient with a (+) Thomas test

Stretch

You should ____ hip extensors for a patient with a (+) Thomas test

Strengthen