Chapter 38

President Kennedy’s New Frontier proposals for increased federal educational aid and medical assistance to the elderly

a. succeeded because of his skill in legislative bargaining.

b. were traded away in exchange for passage of the bill establishing the Peace Corps.

c. were stalled by strong opposition in Congress.

d.were strongly opposed by business interests.

C. were stalled by strong opposition in Congress

The industry that engaged in a bitter conflict with President Kennedy over price increases was

a. the airline industry.

b. the health care industry.

c. the steel industry.

d.the oil industry.

C. Steel industry

The fundamental military policy of the Kennedy administration was to

a. develop a “flexible response” to fighting “brushfire wars” in the Third World.

b. threaten massive nuclear retaliation against any communist advances.

c. build up heavy conventional armed forces in Western Europe against the threat of a Soviet invasion.

d.provide military assistance to client states in the Third World so that they could fight proxy wars without the need of American forces.

A. develop a “flexible response” to fighting “brushfire wars” in the Third World.

The first major foreign-policy disaster of the Kennedy administration came when

a. Middle East governments sharply raised the price of imported oil.

b. American-backed Cuban rebels were defeated by Castro’s Cuban army at the Bay of Pigs.

c. Khrushchev forced American missiles out of Turkey during the Cuban missile crisis.

d.American Green Beret guerilla forces began suffering heavy casualties in the jungles of Vietnam.

B. American-backed Cuban rebels were defeated by Castro’s Cuban army at the Bay of Pigs.

The Cuban missile crisis ended when

a. the American-backed Cuban invaders were defeated at the Bay of Pigs.

b. the United States agreed to allow Soviet missiles in Cuba as long as they were not armed with nuclear weapons.

c. the Soviets agreed to pull all missiles out of Cuba and the United States agreed not to invade Cuba.

d. The United States and the Soviet Union agreed that Cuba should become neutral in the Cold War.

C. the Soviets agreed to pull all missiles out of Cuba and the United States agreed not to invade Cuba.

The Kennedy administration was pushed into a stronger stand on civil rights by

a. the civil rights movement led by the Freedom Riders and Martin Luther King, Jr.

b. the political advantages of backing civil rights.

c. the pressure from foreign governments and the United Nations.

d. the threat of violence in northern cities.

A. the civil rights movement led by the Freedom Riders and Martin Luther King, Jr.

Lyndon Johnson won an overwhelming landslide victory in the 1964 election partly because

a. he repudiated many of the policies of the unpopular Kennedy administration.

b. he promised to take a tough stand in opposing communist aggression in Vietnam.

c. Republican candidate Senator Barry Goldwater was seen by many Americans as a “trigger-happy” extremist.

d.Johnson had achieved considerable personal popularity with the electorate.

C. Republican candidate Senator Barry Goldwater was seen by many Americans as a “trigger-happy” extremist.

President Johnson was more successful in pushing economic and civil rights measures through Congress than President Kennedy because

a. he was better at explaining the purposes of the laws in his speeches.

b. the Democrats gained overwhelming control of Congress in the landslide of 1964.

c. Republicans were more willing to cooperate with Johnson than with Kennedy.

d.Johnson was better able to swing southern Democrats behind his proposals.

B. the Democrats gained overwhelming control of Congress in the landslide of 1964.

The Civil Rights Act of 1965 was designed to guarantee

a. desegregation in interstate transportation.

b. job opportunities for African Americans.

c. desegregation of high schools and colleges.

d.voting rights for African Americans.

D. Voting rights for African Americans

Most of the racial riots of the 1960s occurred in

a. northern inner cities.

b. southern inner cities.

c. white neighborhoods where black families attempted to move in.

d.college campuses.

B. Southern inner cities

The primary political problem that the United States faced in waging the Vietnam War was

a. the opposition of America’s European allies.

b. the danger that the North and South Vietnamese would strike a deal and ask the United States to leave.

c. the repeated collapse of weak and corrupt South Vietnamese governments.

d. the growing political alliance between North Vietnam and Communist China.

C. the repeated collapse of weak and corrupt South Vietnamese governments.

Opposition to the Vietnam War in Congress was centered in

a. the House Foreign Affairs Committee.

b. the Senate Armed Services Committee.

c. the Republican leadership of the House and Senate.

d.the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.

D. Senate foreign relations committee

The two antiwar candidates whose strong political showing forced Johnson to withdraw from the 1968 presidential race were

a. Nelson Rockefeller and Ronald Reagan.

b. Eugene McCarthy and Robert Kennedy.

c. J. William Fulbright and George McGovern.

d.George Wallace and Curtis LeMay.

B. Eugene McCarthy and Robert Kennedy.

One dominant theme of the 1960s “youth culture” that had deep roots in American history was

a. conflict between the generations.

b. distrust and hostility toward authority.

c. the widespread use of mind-altering drugs.

d. a positive view of sexual experimentation.

B. distrust and hostility toward authority.

The cultural upheavals of the 1960s could largely be attributed to the “three P’s” of

a. pot, promiscuity, and publicity.

b. presidential failure, political rebellion, and personal authenticity.

c. poverty, protest, and the “pill.”

d.population bulge, protest against racism, and prosperity.

D. population bulge, protest against racism, and prosperity.