Chapter 1 Intro to the Human Body

Cephalic

Head

Buccal

Cheek area; cavity between the gum and cheek

Orbital

Area around the eye

Oral

Mouth

Cervical

Neck region

Sternal

Middle of the chest (over the breastbone area)

Axillary

Armpit

Branchial

Arm

Antecubital

Area in front of the elbow

Flank

Fleshy area along each side between the lower ribs and the top of the hip bones

Umbilical

Navel, belly button area

Pubic

Genital Area

Inguinal

Area where the thigh meets the trunk of the body often called the groin

Digital

Fingers, toes

Patellar

Front of the knee over the kneecap

Femoral

Thigh area

Plantar

Sole of the foot

Pedal

Foot

Cranial

Nearer to the head

Occipital

Lower back of head

Deltoid

Rounded area of the shoulder closest to the arm

Scapular

The shoulder

Lumbar

Lower back area

Caudal

Near to the lower region of the spinal column

Gluteal

Buttlocks

Popliteal

Back region of knee

The body levels of organization (In order)

\-Atoms

\-Molecules

\-Cells

\-Tissue

\-Organs

\-Organ System

\-Human organism

Anatomy

The branch of science that studies the structure of the body.

Physiology

The branch of science that describes how the body works, or functions

Integumentary

Protects the body from injury, infection, and dehydration; helps regulate the body temp; eliminates some wastes; produces vitamin D.

Skeletal

Creates framework of body, protects internal organs, produces blood cells, acts as levers for muscles

Muscular

Produces movement, protects internal organs, produces body heat, maintains posture

Nervous

Coordinates and controls the body activities

Special Senses

Allow the body to react to environment by providing sight, hearing, taste, smell, and balance

Circulatory

Carries oxygen and nutrients to body cells; carries waste products away from cells; helps produce cells to fight infection

Lymphatic

Carries some tissue fluid and wastes to blood; assists with fighting infection

Respiratory

Breathes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide

Digestive

Digests food physically and chemically, transports food, absorbs nutrients, eliminates wastes

Urinary

Filters blood to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body; produces and eliminates urine

Endocrine

Produces and secretes hormones to regulate body processes

Reproductive

Provides for reproduction

Homeostasis

The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment in response to a changing environment

Homeostatic

Mechanisms to help maintain homeostasis. Sweating is to cool and shivering is to heat the body

Anatomical Position

Standing erect

Face forward

Arms at side

Toes and palms directed forward

Superior

Above

Inferior

Below

Medial

Middle

Anterior

front or vertical

Posterior

Back

Lateral

To the side

Proximal

Closet to the point of attachment

Distal

Think distance, it’s furthest

Sagittal Plane

Divides the body lengthwise into right and left portions

Frontal Plane

Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

Transverse Plane

Divides the body horizontally into upper and lower portions

Divisions of the abdominopelvic cavity

\-Four quadrants

\-Nine Regions

Dorsal Cavity

\-Cranial Cavity

\-Spinal (Vertebral canal)

Cranial Cavity

\-Orbital cavity

\-Nasal cavity

\-Buccal cavity

Spinal Cavity

\-Thoracic cavity

\-Diaphragm

\-Abdominal cavity

Abdominopelvic cavity

\-Abdominal cavity

\-Pelvic cavity

Ventral Cavity

\-Abdominopelvic cavity