Chemistry Gas Laws and Kinetic Molecular Theory

These flashcards cover concepts related to real gases, kinetic molecular theory, gas laws, and definitions essential for understanding gas behavior.

What is a real gas?

A real gas is a gas that does not behave completely according to the assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory.

What are the five assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory?

1. Gases consist of large numbers of tiny particles far apart relative to their size.

2. Collisions between gas particles and container walls are elastic.

3. Gas particles are in continuous random motion.

4. There are no attractive forces between gas particles.

5. The temperature of a gas depends on the average kinetic energy of the gas particles.

What is diffusion?

Diffusion is the spontaneous mixing of particles of two substances caused by random motion.

Under what conditions do real gases deviate from ideal gas behavior?

Real gases deviate from ideal gas behavior at very high pressures and low temperatures.

What does Boyle's law state?

Boyle's law states that the volume of a fixed mass of gas varies inversely with the pressure at constant temperature.

What is the formula for kinetic energy?

Kinetic energy (KE) = 1/2 mv², where m is the mass and v is the speed.

How do lighter and heavier gas molecules compare in terms of speed at the same temperature?

Lighter gas particles move faster than heavier gas particles at the same temperature.

What is Charles' law?

Charles' law states that the volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure varies directly with the temperature in Kelvins.

What does Gay-Lussac's law state?

Gay-Lussac's law states that the pressure of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume varies directly with the temperature in Kelvins.

What is Dalton's law of partial pressures?

Dalton's law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases.

What is the absolute zero temperature in Celsius?

Absolute zero is defined as -273 degrees Celsius.

What is pressure defined as?

Pressure is defined as a force per unit area on a surface.

What is effusion?

Effusion is the process by which gas particles pass through a tiny opening.

What is an ideal gas?

An ideal gas is a hypothetical gas that perfectly fits all the assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory.

What happens to pressure if temperature decreases according to Gay-Lussac's law?

If the temperature decreases, the pressure also decreases.

Define elastic collision.

An elastic collision is a collision in which there is no net loss of total kinetic energy.