Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Flashcards covering the structure, function, and components of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP).

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

The energy molecule of the cell, produced by the mitochondria during cellular respiration. It is a nucleotide.

Mitochondria

The organelle within the cell where ATP is produced during cellular respiration.

Cellular Respiration

The process by which mitochondria produce ATP.

Nucleotide

The classification of ATP; it is composed of a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and phosphate groups.

Ribose Sugar

A 5-carbon pentose sugar that is a structural component of ATP.

Adenine

The nitrogenous base component of ATP.

Phosphate Groups

Three groups attached to the ribose sugar in ATP; they contain high energy bonds.

High Energy Bond

The bond between phosphate groups in ATP, especially between the outermost two, which releases a huge amount of energy when broken.

Adenosine

The combined structural component of ATP consisting of adenine (nitrogenous base) and ribose (sugar).

Pentose

A type of 5-carbon sugar, such as ribose, found in ATP.

ATP Hydrolysis

The process where the high energy bonds holding phosphate groups to adenosine are broken (usually by water), releasing a large amount of energy for cellular use and forming ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)

A molecule formed from ATP when one phosphate group is removed during energy release; it consists of adenosine and two phosphate groups.

Inorganic Phosphate

A byproduct released when ATP loses a phosphate group to become ADP, supplying energy for cellular functions.