Animal Behavior

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Pheromones

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AP Bio: Chapter 39

19 Terms

1

Pheromones

chemical signal released by one animal & received by another

  • Used in reproduction, protection of territory, or danger

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2

Sexual Dimorphism

males & females have diff. sex characteristics

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3

Kin Selection

Natural selection that favors altruism by enhancing fitness of close relatives

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4

Altruism

  • selflessness

  • enhances group fitness

  • doesn’t help individual fitness but preserves fitness of population

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5

Sexual Selection

female selects the mate

  • healthiest mate = preferred

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6

Proximate Causation

Environmental stimulus that causes the behavior

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7

Ultimate Causation

Evolutionary significance of the behavior

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8

Fitness

orgs. ability to survive & reproduce → passes genes to offspring

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9

Innate Behavior

inherited by genetic information

ex: FAP

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10

Learned Behavior

modification of behavior based on experience

may have genetic influence

(ex: imprintng)

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11

Fixed Action Pattern

sequence of unlearned behaviors triggered by sign stimulus

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12

Imprinting

Learned behavior from “parent”

  • has to happen @ critical period

    • limited amt of time

  • genetic component

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13

Spatial Learning

  • based on visual cues/landmarks

  • includes locations of nest sites, food, mates, hazards

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14

Associative Learning

  • Learning based on associations b/w experiences

  • 2 Types:

    • Classical: arbitrary stimulus associated w/ particular outcome

    • Operant: trial and error

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15

Cognition & Pattern Solving

  • Most sophisticated

  • highly developed in some mammals

  • involves awareness, reasoning, recollection, & judgement

  • devise method to solve an issue/obstacle

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16

Social Learning

Learning thru observation of your species.

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