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Pheromones
chemical signal released by one animal & received by another
Used in reproduction, protection of territory, or danger
Sexual Dimorphism
males & females have diff. sex characteristics
Kin Selection
Natural selection that favors altruism by enhancing fitness of close relatives
Altruism
selflessness
enhances group fitness
doesn’t help individual fitness but preserves fitness of population
Sexual Selection
female selects the mate
healthiest mate = preferred
Proximate Causation
Environmental stimulus that causes the behavior
Ultimate Causation
Evolutionary significance of the behavior
Fitness
orgs. ability to survive & reproduce → passes genes to offspring
Innate Behavior
inherited by genetic information
ex: FAP
Learned Behavior
modification of behavior based on experience
may have genetic influence
(ex: imprintng)
Fixed Action Pattern
sequence of unlearned behaviors triggered by sign stimulus
Imprinting
Learned behavior from “parent”
has to happen @ critical period
limited amt of time
genetic component
Spatial Learning
based on visual cues/landmarks
includes locations of nest sites, food, mates, hazards
Associative Learning
Learning based on associations b/w experiences
2 Types:
Classical: arbitrary stimulus associated w/ particular outcome
Operant: trial and error
Cognition & Pattern Solving
Most sophisticated
highly developed in some mammals
involves awareness, reasoning, recollection, & judgement
devise method to solve an issue/obstacle
Social Learning
Learning thru observation of your species.
Note 
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