Learn: EKG national exam
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171 Terms
when the heart goes down to 40-60 beats per minute where is the impulse generated ?
usually in the AV Node
which blood vessel leaves the heart and carries to all parts of the body?
Aorta
when measuring the height of peaks in an EKG what number does each large square represent?
5 millimeters by 5 millimeters
each small square in an EKG is?
0.04 seconds
how can you calculate each heart rate of an EKG rate?
count the number of complete complexes in a 3 or 6 interval and multiply by 20 or 10
if the ventricles are in the systole phase what is happening?
they are pumping the blood out of the chamber by contraction
what is the membrane inclosing the heart?
it is the pericardial sac
what are the pericardial leads?
they are chest leads
normal standard is?
10 millimeters
what are leads?
they are the colored wires that are put on a patients limbs
what is AVL ?
AVL is the difference in the hearts voltage
what is AVF?
AVF is the difference in the hearts voltage between the left leg and midpoint between left leg and right arm
what does V1 through V6 record?
V1 through V6 records hearts voltage from the front to the back of the heart, recorded from the central point of the heart
What is a sinus arrhythmia?
it is changes in breathing
what does the term systole mean?
flatline (death)
what is a heart murmur?
a heart murmur is the sound of a faulty action when the valves close
what is ischemia
it is death to an area of the heart
when someone feels pain in the heart its because?
when someone feels pain in the heart it is because inadequate blood flow to the heart muscle
what does MI stand for?
MI stands for a myocardial infarction
what is one of the major causes of heart failure?
one of the major causes of heart failure is untreated blood pressure
What is a myocardial infarction?
a myocardial infarction is when the myocardial tissue suffers death to an area because of insufficient heart blood flow
what is a major atherosclerosis
it is the buildup of fat deposits on the walls of the arteries leading to coronary arteries
who invented the electrocardiograph?
Willem Einthoven and he is a Dutch Physiologist
what is the inner layer of the heart called?
endocardium
in what year was the first electrocardiogram introduced in the united states ?
1909
the heart is composed of four chambers that are ?
hollow
what is the internal pacemaker of the heart ?
SA Node
the lower pumping chambers of the heart are called?
ventricles
what happens when the atria contracts?
the ventricles fill
the upper pumping chambers of the heart are called?
the atria
where is the AV bundle located?
it is located at the top of the septum
where is the heart located?
it is located in the center of the chest (more towards the left)
what is the P wave
it is the atrial contraction
what should be done the the patient before placing the electrodes?
wipe the skin with alcohol, remove clothing above the waist, remove all jewelry (all of the above)
what information should be coded into the ECG machine?
patients name, patients birth date and medication (all of the above)
heart block are caused by a blockage in the conduction system at which point?
AV node
When does the U wave occur?
repolarization of the purkinje fibers
the QRS complex occurs when the?
when the ventricles contract
what is another name for a heart rate over 150?
tachycardia
what is a lead?
the colored wire that are put on the patient's limbs
what is the normal standard for calibration of an EKG machine?
10mm/sec
another name for the resting phase on an EKG is ?
the baseline
the term electrocardiograph is ?
the instrument used for recording the heart's activity
what does the P wave show
the atrial contraction
what is endocarditis?
inflammation of the endocardium
what position should the patient be when obtaining an EKG?
supine
what is a lead(s)
a device that collects or conducts electrical currents
the function of the heart is ?
to pump sufficient amount of blood to all the cells in the body
the heart is classified as a ?
a hollow muscular organ
as blood returns to the heart from the body, it enters ?
the right atrium
where does the inferior vena cava get its blood ?
from below the diaphragm
the valves of the heart are made up of ?
endocardium
who invented the electrocardiograph ?
willem einthoven, a dutch physiologist
The heart is a dual action pump
true
the left ventricle is
the hardest working chamber
the right ventricle pumps oxygenated venous blood to the lungs
false
blood enters the left atrium through the
pulmonary veins
The superior and inferior vena cava supply blood to
the right atrium
The blood is received in the atria when the heart is in the diastole phase
True
The ventricles pump when the heart is in the diastole phase
False
normal respirations for an adult are
12-20 times per minute
what area of the body does the inferior vena cava service?
Below the diaphragm
Which are the entrance valves of the heart ?
tricuspid and mitral
oxygenated blood is returned to the heart via
Through the pulmonary veins
As blood returns to the heart from the body, it enters
the right atrium
the valves of the heart are made up of
endocardium
which valves are called semilunar valves
pulmonic and aortic
Precordial leads are
leads 1, 2 and 3
what can an inverted T-wave be indicative of
ischemia
what does standardization check on an EKG machine
Timing of the instrument and the voltage of the machine
the pericardium is
the fibrous outer fluid filled layer that covers the heart and separates it from the contents in the chest cavity
Which 2 chambers are known as the "receiving" chambers
the right and left atria
the heart is a dual action pump
true
what is the only way to oxygenate the blood
through the alveoli and capillaries in the lungs
the right and left side of the heart is separated by the
Septum
which strip shows asystole
Straight line
The size of a normal heart is
about the size of your fist
the myocardium is made up of
Muscle
What function does the SA node serve
it generates the stimulus to make the heart beat
what is an electrocardiogram
a recording, or tracing of an EKG
which of the following represent the cardiac cycle
the beginning of a beat until the beginning of the next beat
what does the t wave show
the relaxation of the heart
when does the u wave show
after the t wave
the QRS complex occurs when
When the ventricles contract
the heart has ______ chambers
four
how is blood oxygenated
through the alveoli and capillaries in the lungs
the right and left side of the heart are separated by the
septum
what is the myocardium
The muscular middle layer of the heart
What is the pericardium
the membrane enclosing the heart
the pericardium has two layers
true
the size of a normal heart is
about the size of your fist
what is the internal pacemakers of the heart called
SA node
where does the myocardium get its nourishment from
coronary arteries
what is the most common rhythm a blood clot can present on an EKG
atrial fibrillation
what is the internal pacemaker of the heart called
SA node
what is a lead (s)
a device that collects or conducts electrical currents or activities
what does lead AVF do
records the electrical activity of the heart by recording the left leg activity
where is lead V4 placed
between lead 3 and AV5
what is the most common view of the heart that looks downward toward the apex of the heart on the left side
lead AVL
where is the apex of the heart located
at the tip or point of the heart