AP Human Geo Unit 2

Chapters 3, 4, and 5

Agriculture Density

the total number of farmers per unit of arable land

Arable land

Land that can be used to grow crops

Arithmetic density

the total number of people per unit area of land; also called a crude density

Carrying capacity

the maximum population size of an environment can sustain

Climate

the long term patterns of weather in a particular area

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

the  number of births in a given year per 1000 people in a given population

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

the number of deaths in a given year per 1000 people in a given population

Demographics

data about structures and characteristics of human populations

Dependency Ratio

the number of people in a dependent age group (under the age 15 or age 65 and older) divided by the number of people in the working-age group (ages 15 to 64) multiplied by 100

disperse

spread out

Fertility

The ability to produce children

Human Migration

the permanent movement of people from one place to another

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

the number of deaths of children under the age of one per 1000 live births

Landforms

the natural features of earth's surface

Life Expectancy

the average number of years a person is expected to live

Mortality

deaths as a component of population change

Physiological density

the total number of people per unit of arable land

Population Density

the number of people occupying a unit of land

Population Distribution

where people live in a geographic area

Population Pyramid

a graph that shows the age-sex distribution of a given population

Sex ratio

the proportions of males to females in a population

Subsistence Agriculture

an agriculture practice that provides crops and livestock to feed ones family and close community using fewer mechanical resources and more people to care for the crops and live stock

Temperate Climate

a climate with moderate temperatures and adequate precipitation amounts

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

the average number of children one women in a given country or region will have in her childbearing years

Ecuemene

Land that has been inhabited by people making it their permanent home

non-ecuemene

Uninhabited land that has very sparse population of people making it their permanent home

Neo-Malthusian

describing the theory  related to the idea that population growth is unsustainable and that the future population cannot be supported by earth's resources

Overpopulation

a term used to describe the condition in which population growth outstrips the resources needed to support life

Pronatalist

describing attitudes or policies that encourage childbearing as a mean of spurring population growth

Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)

rate at which a population grows as the result of the difference between the crude birth rate and crude death rate

Urbanization

urban growth and development

antinatalist

describing attitudes or policies that discourage childbearing as a means of limiting population growth

demographic transition model (DTM)

a model that represents shifts in the growth of the world's population, based on population trends related to birth rate and death rate

Doubling time

the number of years in which a population growing at a certain rate would double

epidemiological transition model (ETM)

a model that describes the change in fertility, morality, life expectancy, and population age, distribution, largely as the result of changes in causes of death

land degradation

a long term damage to the soils ability to support life