Unit 4 APUSH Terms: Ch. 8+ (F26)

Cotton Gin (1793)

1) Eli Whitney's machine that quickly separates fibers from their seeds increasing production.

2) This led to an increase in demand for slaves and slavery becoming entrenched in the South, eventually dividing the country in the Civil War.

3) As a result of this invention, the South dramatically increased production and the North's textile industry was bolstered.

Interchangeable Parts (1798)

1) This was first invented by Eli Whitney as a way to make easily manufactured firearms.

2) This increased the production of many goods during the Market Revolution, as each part of an object could easily be replaced.

3) This led to the use of an assembly line, which solidified the north as a center of manufacturing.

Robert Fulton (1807)

1) Engineer and inventor who created the first commercially successful steamboat.

2) This increased trade and transportation between the east and west.

3) The Clermont was the first successful steamboat and proved the viability of steam power.

James Monroe (1817-1825)

1.) Monroe was the fifth president of the United States, serving two terms from 1817-1821 and 1821-1825.

2.) His administration was marked by the acquisition of Florida (1819); the Missouri Compromise (1820), in which Missouri was declared a slave state; and the creation of the Monroe Doctrine (1823), declaring U.S. opposition to European interference in the Americas.

3.) Monroe's presidency is often referred to as the "Era of Good Feelings", as the nation was united under one political party: the Democratic-Republicans. This was a time of heightened nationalism after the War of 1812, and a strong desire for unity was present in the United States.

Lowell System (1811)

1) This allowed young women the opportunity to work in the textile industry and have their housing provided by employers.

2) Many women were from farming backgrounds, looking to make money for their families back home.

3) This system was eventually implemented by other factories, creating a northern textile industry.

Henry Clay’s American System (1816)

1) This was proposed to increase economic independence after the War of 1812.

2) It called for an increase in tariffs and a national bank.

3) The tariffs would then be used to finance internal improvements, such as roads and canals.

Missouri Compromise (1820)

1) This was meant to keep the balance of senators from slave and free states.

2) Missouri was admitted as a slave state and Maine was admitted as a free state.

3) Any state north of the 36/30 latitude line was to be a free state.

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

1) This foreign policy initiative was meant to keep European powers out of the western hemisphere, stating that the U.S. was the sole protective power of all countries in North and South America.

2) In return, the U.S. promised not to intervene in European affairs.

3) Future presidents used this policy to justify imperial claims in the western hemisphere.

Erie Canal (1825)

1) This was built in New York by many Irish immigrants.

2)This linked western farms with eastern cities through the Great Lakes.

3) This led to improved transportation, which resulted in lower food costs and more settlement in the west.

Baltimore & Ohio Railroad (1830)

1) This was the first commercial line that linked the east coast with the Midwest .

2) This gradually began to replace canals as the major system of transportation.

3) This led to more lines being built, which led to an increased transport of goods and people across the country.

McCormick's Mechanical Reaper (1834)

1) This allowed farmers to harvest wheat more efficiently.

2) Farmers were able to sell more wheat as a result.

3) This allowed for the creation of larger corporate farms out west.

Irish Potato Famine (1840s)

1) This led to a destruction of crops and mass starvation.

2) As a result, over two million immigrants came to the U.S.

3) Lacking farming skills, they settled in major cities like New York and Boston and faced heavy discrimination.

German Revolution (1840s)

1) This was a series of protests in which people fought for basic freedoms, such as freedom of the press, assembly, and advocated for a representative government.

2) As a result, many fled to the U.S. and settled in mostly midwestern cities.

3) Many immigrants found success in farming.

Hudson River School

(1820s-1870s)

1.) This was an American art movement that focused on landscape painting, focusing on the beauty of the American wilderness.

2.) This movement became popular as Americans tried to set themselves apart from European culture and create their own identity.

3.) It featured artists like Thomas Cole and Frederic Edwin Church.