Chemistry Instrumentation Jeopardy Review Exam 1

This process allows analytical instruments to perform many tests with minimal human involvement?

Automation

This type of analysis subjects a specimen to multiple analytical processes to obtain a panel of results

Multiple-channel analysis

The most common analyzer configuration where any specimen can be analyzed for any test in any order

Random access analysis

A chemistry analyzer uses reusable cuvettes, fixed pipettes, and inadequate probe washing. A potassium result of 9.8 mmol/L immediately follows a specimen with severe hemolysis

Carry-over

This feature automatically releases laboratory results that meet predefined acceptance criteria

Auto-verification

The most critical unit operation in laboratory automation

Patient Identification

These sensors reduce splatter and help determine the exact specimen level before aspiration

Liquid Level Sensors (LLS)

Human specimen label reading has an error rate of about 1 in 300 characters, while this technology reduces the rate to about 1 in this many

1 million

In continuous-flow systems, this device moves fluids by compressing flexible tubing with rotating rollers

Peristaltic pump

A laboratory is deciding between an open and closed chemistry system. The laboratory wants to develop its own assays and purchase reagents from multiple vendors.

Open analyzer system

The most common immunoglobulin used as an antibody reagent in immunoassays

IgG

In a competitive immunoassay, bound label is related to analyte concentration in this way

Inversely proportional

This assay format captures antigen between two antibodies

Sandwich (noncompetitive) immunoassay

A heterogenous immunoassay requires this additional step that homogenous assays do not

Separation or wash step

A patient’s hCG concentration is extremely elevated, yet a sandwich immunoassay reports a result within the reference interval. Dilution of the specimen results in a dramatically higher value

Hook Effect

These labels absorb light at one wavelength and emit it at a longer wavelength

Fluorescent labels

The difference between excitation and emission wavelengths is called this

Stokes Shift

Luminol and acridinium ester are examples of this type of label

Chemiluminescent labels

This enzyme is commonly used as a label because it amplifies weak signals

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)

A sandwich immunoassay for troponin is positive despite the absence of analyte because an endogenous antibody bridges the capture and labeled antibodies

What are heterophile antibodies (or HAMA)

Testing performed outside the physical laboratory but within a healthcare instituion

point of care testing (POCT)

This is the most frequently measure analyte using POCT devices

Glucose

The CLIA category assigned to most POCT devices because they are simple and have a low risk of harm if performed incorrectly

Waived tests

One major advantage of POCT that allows clinicians to make treatment decisions more quickly

reduced turn around time

Regulatory guidelines require these four identifiers to accompany POCT results

Patient, sample, operator, and device identifiers

Case Study:

A healthcare system performs bedside glucose testing and troponin testing, clinic pregnancy testing, and provider-performed wet preps. The smallest number of CLIA certificates that could legally cover all testing sites would include this certificate

PPMP certificate