AP EURO CHAPTER 13 KEY TERMS

Anticlericalism

Opposition to the clergy.

Indulgence

A document issued by the Catholic Church lessening penance or time in purgatory, widely believed to bring forgiveness of all sins.

Protestant

The name originally given to followers of Luther, which came to be applied to all non-Catholic western Christian groups.

Spanish Armada

The fleet sent by Philip II of Spain against England in 1588, which was defeated by the English navy and by bad weather.

The Institutes of the Christian Religion

The Institutes of the Christian Religion is the book Calvin wrote in 1536 that explained his beliefs, like God's total power and salvation by faith alone, and it became the foundation of Calvinism. (basically a rulebook/handbook for his branch of Christianity.)

Predestination

The teaching that God has determined the salvation or damnation of individuals based on his will and purpose, not on their merit or works.

Holy Office

The official Roman Catholic agency founded in 1542 to combat international doctrinal heresy.

Jesuits

Members of the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius Loyola, whose goal was the spread of the Roman Catholic faith through humanist education and missionary work.

Politiques

Catholic and Protestant moderates who held that only a strong monarchy could save France from total collapse.

Edict of Nantes

A document issued by Henry IV of France in 1598, granting liberty of conscience and liberty of public worship to Calvinists (Huguenots), which helped restore peace in France.

Union of Utrecht

The alliance of seven northern provinces (led by Holland) that declared its independence from Spain and formed the United Provinces of the Netherlands.