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General Systems Theory
Predicts systems consist of interacting components.
Cybernetic Theory
Examines mechanisms regulating a system's functioning.
Negative Feedback Loops
Resist change, maintain the status quo.
Positive Feedback Loops
Amplify change, disrupt the status quo.
Double-Bind Communication
Contradictory messages causing confusion in recipients.
Schizophrenia
Disorder linked to double-bind communication.
Symmetrical Interactions
Interactions reflecting equality between participants.
Complementary Interactions
Interactions reflecting inequality in roles.
Postmodernism
Challenges universal laws in family therapy.
Differentiation
Separating personal feelings from others' emotions.
Emotional Fusion
Low differentiation leads to emotional dependency.
Emotional Triangle
Three-person system to alleviate family tension.
Family Projection Process
Parents project emotional issues onto children.
Multigenerational Transmission Process
Emotional immaturity passed across generations.
Bowenian Therapist
Works with individuals or dyads to increase differentiation.
Genogram
Maps family relationships over three generations.
Structural Family Therapy
Focuses on family structure, bounderies, and dynamics.
Subsystems
Smaller units within the family system.
Boundaries
Rules determining family members' interactions.
Enmeshed Relationships
Result from overly diffuse boundaries.
Disengaged Relationships
Result from overly rigid boundaries.
Stable Coalition
fixed Alliance between one parent and child against the other.
Unstable Coalition
Child sides with one parent against the other.
Detouring-Attack Coalition
Parents blame child to avoid conflict.
Detouring-Support Coalition
Parents overprotect child to avoid conflict.
Joining
Establishing therapeutic alliance with the family.
Family Map
Depicts family subsystems and boundaries.
Reframing
Relabeling behavior for constructive interpretation.
Unbalancing
Aligning with a member to change dynamics.
Boundary Making
Adjusting proximity between family members.
Enactment
Role-playing to encourage alternative behaviors.
Strategic Family Therapy
Focuses on power struggles in family dynamics.
Symptom
Strategy for controlling relationships when needed.
Initial Session Stages
Includes social, problem, interactional, and goal-setting.
Social Stage
Therapist welcomes family and observes interactions.
Initial session stages
Stages include problem, interactional, and goal-setting.
Problem stage
Therapist elicits family members' views on the problem.
Interactional stage
Family discusses the problem; therapist observes interactions.
Goal-setting stage
Therapist helps define the problem and set goals.
Straightforward directives
Instructions for specific behaviors to change interactions.
Paradoxical directives
Instructions to realize control over problematic behavior.
Prescribing the symptom
Instructing exaggerated engagement in problematic behavior.
Restraining
Encouraging caution against rapid change.
Ordeal
Task performed during undesirable behavior engagement.
Milan systemic family therapy
Focuses on family rules and communication patterns.
Family games
Rigid communication patterns causing problematic behavior.
Therapeutic team
Distinct feature involving collaborative therapy sessions.
Session gaps
Four to six weeks between therapy sessions.
Hypothesizing
Speculating about the family situation continuously.
Neutrality
Therapist accepts all family members' perceptions.
Circular questioning
Asking each member the same question for insights.
Positive connotation
Reframing symptoms as beneficial for family cohesion.
Family rituals
Activities between sessions to alter family dynamics.
Conjoint family therapy
Focuses on realistic expectations and communication.
Dysfunctional communication styles
Placating, blaming, computing, and distracting styles.
Placating style
Agreeing due to fear and desire for acceptance.
Blaming style
Accusing others to avoid responsibility.
Computing style
Overly rational approach to avoid emotions.
Distracting style
Changing subjects to avoid conflict.
Congruent style
Alignment between verbal and nonverbal messages.
Family sculpting
Technique depicting family relationships through positioning.
Family reconstruction
Role-playing to explore unresolved family issues.
Narrative family therapy
Focuses on rewriting oppressive personal stories.
Sparkling moments
Unique experiences contrasting problem-saturated narratives.
Externalizing problems
Viewing issues as separate from individuals.
Therapist's role
Collaborator helping construct healthier family narratives.
Externalizing question
Questions that separates the person from their problem
Therapeutic letters
Letters reinforcing emerging alternative family stories.
Therapeutic certificates
Acknowledgment of family members' accomplishments.
Definitional ceremonies
Celebrations of overcoming problems and changes made.
Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT)
Integrates attachment theory with experiential approaches.
Primary Goal of EFT
Restructure emotional experiences and develop interaction patterns.
Core Assumptions of EFT
Emotions organize attachment behaviors and self-experience.
1st Assumption of EFT
Emotions are essential for attachment behaviors.
2nd Assumption of EFT
Attachment needs are healthy; insecurities cause problems.
3rd Assumption of EFT
Distress is maintained by interaction patterns.
EFT exceptions
Untreated substance use and unsafe emotional vulnerability.
Stages of EFT Therapy
Assessment, changing interactions, consolidation.
EFT and EMDR Relationship
Combined therapy improves marital satisfaction.
Functional Family Therapy (FFT)
Targets at-risk adolescents and their families.
Primary Goal of FFT
Replace problematic behaviors with healthier alternatives.
FFT Session Duration
Typically 8 to 30 sessions over 3-6 months.
Stages of FFT
Engagement, behavior change, generalization.
Engagement Stage of FFT
Form therapeutic alliance and reduce negativity.
Behavior Change Stage of FFT
Identify goals and implement treatment plans.
Generalization Stage of FFT
Link to resources and apply new skills.
FFT Techniques in Behavior Change
Training in parenting, communication, and coping skills.
Multisystemic Therapy (MST)
Addresses family, school, and social factors.
MST Target Population
Adolescents with serious behavioral problems.
MST Treatment Principles
Nine principles guiding therapy effectiveness.
MST Goal
Address factors driving adolescent problem behaviors.
MST Treatment Location
Provided in home and community settings.
Therapies Used in MST
Includes strategic, structural, and cognitive-behavioral therapies.
MST Treatment Fidelity
Ensures therapy is delivered as designed.
Stages of Group Therapy
Initial, conflict, and cohesiveness stages.
Initial Orientation Stage
Members clarify group nature and purpose.
Hesitant Participation Stage
Members depend on leader for structure.
Search for Meaning Stage
Members seek meaning in experiences.
Conflict Stage
Members may become critical or hostile.
Development of Cohesiveness Stage
Trust increases and conflict decreases.
