RAD 372 Cranium part 2

glabella

what topographic landmark is between the eyebrows?

interpupillary line

the line connecting outer points of the eyes are what topographic landmark?

canthi

the outer points of the eyes or outer and inner eye are known as what landmark?

nasion

the depression at the bridge of the nose is what topographic landmark?

acanthion

the area of the upper lip and nasal septum or right below the nose is what topographic landmark?

gonion

the point of lower posterior mandible is what topographic landmark?

mental point

the tip of the chin is known as what topographic landmark?

auricle (pinna)

the large flap of the ear is what landmark?

tragus

the small flap anterior to the EAM, the small hard cartilage is what landmark?

Top of ear attachment (TEA)

the top of the ear where glasses sit is known as what landmark?

supraorbital margin

what landmark is the superior ridge of the eye?

infraorbital margin

what landmark is the inferior ridge of the eye?

maxillary bone

the infraorbital margin articulates with what bone?

Glabellomeatal Line (GML)

the glabella to EAM is what skull line?

Orbitomeatal Line (OML)

the outer canthus to EAM is what skull line?

Infraorbitomeatal line (IOML)

the infraorbital margin to EAM is what skull line?

7

skull lines are approximately how much degrees apart from each other?

Acanthiomeatal line (AML)

the acanthion to EAM is what skull line?

Lips-meatal line (LML)

the closed lips to EAM is what skull line?

Mentomeatal Line (MML)

the mental point to EAM is what skull line?

positioning lines, no rotation, no tilt, patient condition, tube angles

what are some things we want to watch out for in skull imaging?

prone (upright or recumbent)

when doing a PA Axial (Caldwell) how do we want to position the patient?

Orbitomeatal Line (OML)

when doing a PA Axial (caldwell) we want what skull line perpendicular to the bucky?

15 degree caudal

when doing a PA Axial (caldwell) we want what kind of tube angle?

nasion

when doing a PA Axial (caldwell) we want the CR to exit where?

lower 1/3 of orbits

when doing a PA Caldwell the petrous ridges should be where?

equidistance

when doing a PA caldwell the lateral orbital margins should be ______ from lateral cranium?

15 degrees cephalic

is doing an AP caldwell, what kind of tube angle do we want?

tube angle

when doing a PA cranium it is the same for a PA caldwell except there is no what?

in orbits

in a PA cranium the petrous ridges will be where and will be almond shaped?

supine (upright or recumbent)

when doing a AP Axial (Towne) we want the patient to be in what position?

Orbitomeatal Line (OML) or infraorbitomeatal line (IOML)

when doing a AP Axial (Towne) we want skull line to be perpendicular to the IR?

30 degrees caudal

when doing a AP Axial (Towne) we want what kind of tube angle if OML is perpendicular to IR?

37 degrees caudal

when doing a AP Axial (Towne) we want what kind of tube angle if IOML is perpendicular to IR?

enter EAM line, 2.5" above glabella

when doing a AP Axial (Towne) where do we want the CR to be?

dorsum sellae in foramen magnum

we do an AP Axial (Towne) to see what?

foramen magnum

when doing a AP Axial (Towne) to ensure no rotation or tilt we want what to be equidistance to the lateral skull margins?

anterior oblique with head turned in lateral

when doing a RT/LT Lateral cranium we want the patient to be in what position?

interpupillary line

when doing a RT/LT Lateral cranium we want what perpendicular to the IR?

Infraorbitomeatal line (IOML)

when doing a RT/LT Lateral cranium we want what skull line perpendicular to front edge of cassette?

2" superior to EAM

when doing a RT/LT Lateral cranium where do we want the CR to be?

A and P separation

in a lateral to identify rotation it is what kind of separation of bilateral structures?

S and I separation

in a lateral to identify tilt it is what kind of separation of bilateral structures?

EAM, sphenoid greater wings

in a lateral to identify rotation it is A and P separation of what bilateral structures?

EAM, orbital plates

in a lateral to identify tilt it is S and I separation of what bilateral structures?

Infraorbitomeatal line (IOML)

when doing a Submentovertex (SMV) we want what skull line parallel to the cassette?

perpendicular to IOML midway between gonion and exits vertex

when doing a Submentovertex (SMV) where do we want the CR to be?