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Cell Membrane
Forms a selective barrier between the inside and outside of the cell.
Cytoplasm
Comprised of a network of tubules and filaments (the cytoskeleton), which is suspended in the cytosol, a gel-like material
Cytoskeleton
a network of tubules and filaments
Cytosol
a gel-like material that suspends the cytoskeleton
Organelles
Functional components surrounded by a membrane, segregating their functions from other organelles.
Nucleus
Largest of all organelles. Contains genetic material and serves as the control center. Contains DNA found as chromosomes
Nuclear membrane
Surrounds the nucleus
Chromosomes
Contains DNA, which is located in the nucleus
Nucleolus
Site of ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly.
Ribosomes
Directs protein synthesis within the cytoplasm after leaving the nucleus.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
System of membrane-bound tubules and cisternae.
Smooth ER
found in cells specializing in hormone synthesis or detoxification
Rough ER
synthesizes proteins and enzymes. Rough because covered with ribosomes clinging to the membrane surface.
Golgi Apparatus
Stack of membranous sacs that sort, process, and package proteins produced in the rough ER. These proteins may be used within the cell or secreted at cell surface
Lysosomes
Small membrane-bound packets of enzymes that digest microorganisms, cell debris, or excess organelles.
Peroxisomes
Smaller membrane-bound packets of enzymes that oxidize organic substances and form hydrogen peroxide.
Mitochondria
Energy sources of the cells, sites of oxidative phosphorylation and ATP formation. # of mitochondria reflects energy requirements. Numerous in cells that actively synthesize and secrete protein
